Lub nroog vara ntawm Dolna Luzhitsa tig mus rau hauv Slavenburg - lub fortress sab hnub poob ntawm lub Slavs
Lub nroog vara ntawm Dolna Luzhitsa tig mus rau hauv Slavenburg - lub fortress sab hnub poob ntawm lub Slavs

Video: Lub nroog vara ntawm Dolna Luzhitsa tig mus rau hauv Slavenburg - lub fortress sab hnub poob ntawm lub Slavs

Video: Lub nroog vara ntawm Dolna Luzhitsa tig mus rau hauv Slavenburg - lub fortress sab hnub poob ntawm lub Slavs
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Lub fortress sab hnub poob ntawm lub Slavs - Slawenburg nyob rau hauv lub qub Slavic zos ntawm Raddusch, tsis nyob rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm lub Spree River, nyob rau hauv lub Serbian-Lusatian cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees - Dolna Luzhitsa - Niederlausitz - tsoom fwv lub xeev Brandenburg. Tam sim no muaj ib tug nthuav tsev cia puav pheej ntawm ancient Slavic architecture - "Slawenburg-Raddusch". Nws tau qhib nyob rau hauv 2001 nyob rau hauv lub tam sim ntawd ib ncig ntawm lub zos ntawm Radush, nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ancient Slavic puag ncig tsev fuabtais pom thaum lub sij hawm mining ntawm xim av thee nyob rau hauv lub lig 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.

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Yav dhau los, nws yog lub nroog Slavic-vara Dolna Luzhitsa (9 xyoo pua AD). Lub fortress yog ib qho ntawm plaub caug Slavic ncig tiv thaiv cov qauv uas tau muaj nyob rau hauv Lower Lusatia. Cov fortresses tau tsim los ntawm cov Slavs - cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm niaj hnub Lusatians - nyob rau hauv lub 9th-10th centuries. n. e. thiab ua chaw nyob rau cov neeg nyob ze.

Lub siab concentration ntawm cov fortresses nyob rau hauv Lower Lusatia yog txuam nrog tas li lub siab los ntawm Germans nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Lub fortress yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo blocks, thiab ib tug moat twb khawb nyob ib ncig ntawm nws, puv nrog dej. Cov kab noj hniav sab hauv ntawm cov qauv ntoo tau ntim nrog xuab zeb, av thiab av nplaum.

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Lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog ib lub tsev fuabtais Slavic reconstructed, uas yog ib tug fortress 50 m nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla nrog ib tug loj sab hauv qhov chaw (1200 sq. M).

Ib puag ncig phab ntsa-phab ntsa 8 m siab yog tsim los ntawm ntoo qhib pob tw interconnected nrog ib leeg, nteg nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg, qhov chaw ntawm cov xuab zeb thiab av nplaum. Xws li puag ncig fortresses yog cov tsev tsim rau cov neeg Slavs thaum ub uas nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tam sim no.

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Kev tsim kho niaj hnub no yog tsim los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ze ze ntawm qhov qub medieval. Sab hauv muaj ib lub tsev cia puav pheej nrog nthuav qhia "Archeology hauv Lower Luzhitsa", chav sib tham thiab tsev noj mov. Qhov kev nthuav qhia nthuav tawm lub sijhawm dhau 12,000 xyoo dhau los ntawm keeb kwm ntawm thaj av.

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Thaum lub sij hawm Great Migration of Nations, cov Slavs thaum ub tuaj rau thaj av ntawm Saxony niaj hnub nyob rau xyoo pua 6 AD. Niaj hnub no nws tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim kho cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem kev sib hais haum hauv cov chaw no. Nws tau xav tias qhov twg cov Slavs hla lub Elbe (Laba), lawv tau ntsib nrog cov pab pawg neeg German thiab tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog lawv. Cov Slavs nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd sawv cev rau ntau pawg neeg.

Raws li cov pov thawj ntawm cov keeb kwm niaj hnub no, txij li thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 6th mus rau nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th AD. sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees niaj hnub no tau nyob los ntawm ib pawg loj ntawm West Slavic pab pawg neeg ntawm Lusican, Lyutichi, Bodrich, Pomoryan thiab Ruyan, uas tam sim no hu ua Polabian Slavs. Cov pab pawg no, raws li cov kws sau keeb kwm orthodox, nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 6th tau hloov "Germanic" pab pawg neeg ntawm Lombards, Rugs, Lugians, Hizobrads, Varins, Veletes thiab lwm tus neeg uas nyob ntawm no thaum ub.

Txawm li cas los xij, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav tias muaj "kev sib txuam zoo kawg nkaus ntawm cov npe ntawm pawg neeg Polabian, Pomor thiab lwm cov Western Slavs nrog cov npe haiv neeg qub tshaj plaws ntawm kev tig ntawm thawj centuries ntawm peb lub sijhawm, paub hauv thaj chaw no," hais hauv Roman qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj txog kaum tsib xws li khub, coinciding ancient thiab medieval Slavic npe ntawm pab pawg neeg uas nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam no. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov Slavs nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tsawg kawg los ntawm cov thawj ib-paus xyoo.

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Feem ntau ntawm West Slavic pab pawg raug kev txom nyem tsis muaj hmoo. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, German Drang nach Osten (kev sib tw mus rau sab hnub tuaj) tau pib, lub sijhawm uas Western Slavs tau tsiv tawm ntawm lawv thaj av, ib nrab hloov dua siab tshiab rau kev ntseeg thiab sib koom ua ke, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tsuas yog tshem tawm thaum lub sijhawm Crusades. tawm tsam Western Slavs.

Raddush tau ploj mus ntev nws qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv, tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nws tau pom meej tias yog lub nplhaib-zoo li ntoo qauv. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj nyob ntawm German Democratic Republic, cov seem ntawm lub fortress yuav tsum tau demolished nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lub npaj mining ntawm xim av thee. Nrog rau kev npaj rau qhov no hauv 1984 thiab 1989/1990. archaeological excavations tau nqa tawm ntawm no, thiab ib tug mlom ntawm txog 1100 xyoo tau pom.

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Sab hnub tuaj ntawm lub Elbe (Laba) thiab Saale (Zalava) nyob Slavs - cheered, Lyutichi, Serbs thiab Luzichans. Serbs thiab Vilchan tau nyob hauv thaj av Anhalt. Cov Slavs nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg zej zog. Cov Slavs ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd muaj qib siab ntawm kev tsim khoom siv tes ua, tub rog thiab kev lag luam. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw nyob tau muab faib ua teb thiab pob kws 10-20 km ntev raws cov dej ntws, pas dej thiab hav. Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw, raws li txoj cai, ib tsev neeg fortress raug tsa, uas yog ib puag ncig los ntawm ob peb lub kaum tsev nyob thiab cov vaj tsev nrog cov av ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv.

Tam sim no, pua pua ntawm Slavic puag ncig fortresses paub nyob rau hauv East Germany. Txog 40 lub fortresses Slavic paub nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tus dej Saale ntws, ntau tshaj 100 fortresses nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub Elbe (Laba), Saale (Zalava) thiab Oder (Vodra) dej ntws. Lub tsev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tag nrho cov Slavic castles, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Slawenburg-Raddusch kev sib hais haum, yog ntoo cav thiab lub ntiaj teb …

Thawj lub tsev fuabtais hauv Radusha muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 58 meters thiab nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm 5.5 meter dav moat. Nws muaj ob lub rooj vag ntawm phab ntsa xya meters. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub tsev fuabtais muaj ib tug ntoo cav qhov tob 14 meters tob thiab ntau yam vaj tse thiab outbuildings. Nyob rau hauv lub rampart muaj ib tug dav sib ntaus sib tua cheeb tsam fenced los ntawm sab nraud los ntawm ib tug wicker ua los ntawm willow ceg. Kev pom dav ntawm Luzhitsky toj roob hauv pes qhib los ntawm no.

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