10 archaeological pom uas hloov tib neeg keeb kwm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Txhua xyoo coj kev tshawb pom tshiab rau noob neej, suav nrog cov archaeological. Xyoo no tsis muaj kev zam. Kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb hauv xyoo 2016 ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog nqa daim ntaub thaiv kev zais cia ntawm cov xwm txheej qub qub, tab sis kuj tseem rov sau qee nplooj ntawv keeb kwm.

1. Ancient suav npias

Rewriting keeb kwm: ancient Suav npias.

Nws tau ntev tau paub tias cov neeg Suav thaum ub nyiam cov mov fermented haus tsawg kawg yog 9000 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, xyoo 2016, cov kws tshawb fawb tau kawm tias Suav kuj yog neeg haus npias. Archaeologists excavating nyob rau hauv Shaanxi Province tau unearthed npias-ua khoom hnub tim los ntawm 3400-2900 BC.

Kuj pom nyob rau hauv cov hlab ntsha yog cov seem ntawm npias thaum ub cov khoom xyaw, nrog rau cov broom millet, lily noob, ib tug nplej hu ua "Job lub kua muag" thiab barley. Lub xub ntiag ntawm barley yog qhov xav tsis thoob vim yav tas los ntseeg tias kab lis kev cai no tau pib cog hauv Suav teb 1000 xyoo tom qab.

2. Txiv neej thiab dev

Rewriting keeb kwm: txiv neej thiab dev.

Cov dev yog txiv neej tus phooj ywg zoo tshaj 7000 xyoo dhau los. Nyob ze Blik Mead (ze Stonehenge), archaeologist David Jacques pom ib tug dev hniav, uas tau pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv York, ib sab ntawm lub pob txha ntawm Mesolithic neeg yos hav zoov-sau. Tus txiv neej no thiab nws tus dev tau taug kev 400 mais ntawm York mus rau Wiltshire hauv qhov tam sim no suav tias yog qhov kev mus ncig qub tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm Askiv. Jacques tau sib cav tias tus dev tau nyob hauv tsev thiab feem ntau yuav siv rau kev yos hav zoov.

3. Unearthly dagger ntawm Tutankhamun

Rewriting keeb kwm: Tutankhamun's unearthly dagger.

Nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 2016, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm nthuav tawm qhov tsis paub uas tau ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txij li Howard Carter pom Tut lub qhov ntxa hauv xyoo 1922. Ntawm ntau yam khoom faus nrog tus tub hluas pharaoh yog ib rab riam hlau. Nws txawv txawv heev rau ob qho laj thawj. Ua ntej, hauv tebchaws Iziv, kev ua hlau tsis tshua muaj tsawg kawg 3,300 xyoo dhau los. Qhov thib ob, lub dagger tsis xeb kiag li.

Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb nrog lub fluorescence spectrometer qhia tau hais tias cov hlau siv rau lub dagger no yog los ntawm extraterrestrial keeb kwm. Nws muaj cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm cobalt thiab npib tsib xee, uas zoo ib yam li cov meteorites muab rho tawm los ntawm Hiav Txwv Liab. Xyoo 2013, lwm yam khoom siv hlau los ntawm Egypt thaum ub tau sim thiab cov hlau meteorite kuj pom nyob rau hauv nws.

4. Greek bureaucracy

Rewriting keeb kwm: Greek bureaucracy.

Thaum lub sij hawm excavations ntawm lub ancient nroog ntawm Teos nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm niaj hnub Qaib ntxhw, ntau pua ntsiav tshuaj tau pom. Ib qho ntawm cov no muaj 58 kab ntawv, zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg, sawv cev rau 2,200-xyoo kev xauj tsev. Qhov no ua pov thawj tias bureaucracy yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub raws li nws yog lub neej niaj hnub.

Cov ntaub ntawv piav qhia txog ib pawg ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm theem siab uas tau txais ib daim av (ua tiav nrog cov tsev, lub thaj, thiab cov qhev) thiab tom qab ntawd xauj ntawm qhov muag muag. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb kuj hais txog tus neeg lav (qhov no, tus neeg xauj tsev txiv) thiab cov pov thawj los ntawm lub nroog tswj hwm. Cov tswv tau tuav txoj cai ntawm kev siv thaj av rau peb hnub hauv ib xyoos, thiab tseem muaj cai rau kev tshuaj xyuas txhua xyoo kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg xauj tsev tsis ua rau cov khoom puas.

5. Cov kab mob sib deev ntawm Neanderthals

Rov sau keeb kwm: Neanderthal kab mob sib deev.

Ob peb xyoos dhau los, thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas tib neeg genome, lawv xav tsis thoob thaum pom tias tib neeg niaj hnub no muaj txog 4 feem pua ntawm Neanderthal DNA vim yog kev xaiv ntawm kev sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb cov poj koob yawm txwv tau txais lwm yam los ntawm lawv cov kwv tij Neanderthal - ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg papillomavirus (HPV). Siv cov qauv kev txheeb cais, cov kws tshawb fawb muaj peev xwm rov tsim cov theem hloov pauv ntawm tus kab mob HPV16.

Thaum tib neeg niaj hnub thiab Neanderthals sib cais ua ntau hom, tus kab mob kuj tau faib ua ob hom kab sib txawv. Thaum pib, tsuas yog Neanderthals thiab Denisovans muaj tus kab mob HPV16A. Thaum tib neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm teb chaws Africa, lawv tsuas nqa hom B, C, thiab D. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lawv mus txog Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia thiab pib sib deev nrog Neanderthals, lawv kuj kis tus kab mob HPV16A.

6. Cov lus tuag

Rov sau keeb kwm: lus tuag.

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj leej twg tau siv nws rau yuav luag 2000 xyoo, Etruscan tseem yog ib hom lus uas txaus ntshai tshaj plaws. Nws yog nws uas feem ntau cuam tshuam Latin, uas, dhau los, cuam tshuam ntau yam lus European, uas tseem hais. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov piv txwv ntawm Etruscan cov ntawv ntawm ntau dua lossis tsawg dua lub sijhawm tseem ceeb tau muaj sia nyob niaj hnub no. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 2016, archaeologists excavating ib lub tuam tsev hauv Tuscany nrhiav tau ib tug 1.2-meter, 2,500-xyoo-laus zeb stele npog nrog Etruscan inscriptions.

Nws tau raug khaws cia zoo vim nws tau rov qab siv los ua lub hauv paus rau lub tuam tsev. Cov ntawv sau rau ntawm nws tseem tsis tau raug txiav txim siab, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb xav tias cov ntawv nyeem yog kev ntseeg thiab tuaj yeem tso qhov tseeb tshiab txog kev ntseeg Etruscan.

7. Tus elusive Higgs bison

Rewriting keeb kwm: qhov nyuaj Higgs bison.

Hauv xyoo 2016, ib hom tsiaj tshiab tau tshawb pom siv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb (txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub qhov tsua qub). Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov pob zeb paintings los ntawm lub qhov tsua ntawm Lascaux thiab Perguset thiab pom muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv ntawm cov bison pleev xim rau 20,000 xyoo dhau los thiab 5,000 xyoo tom qab. Lawv muaj lub cev sib txawv me ntsis thiab txawv kiag li horns. Txij li thaum cov duab kos duab ua ntej zoo ib yam li steppe bison, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias cov duab kos tshiab qhia txog ntau hom tsiaj.

Txhawm rau paub meej tias lawv qhov kev xav, lawv tau tshuaj xyuas DNA ntawm cov pob txha thiab cov hniav ntawm cov nyuj 22,000 thiab 12,000 xyoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias cov nyuj uas tau kos tom qab yog ib hom tshiab uas hloov zuj zus los ntawm steppe bison thiab bison. Nws tau hu ua Higgs bison (los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Higgs boson).

8. Thawj txoj cai-hander

Rewriting keeb kwm: thawj txoj cai-hander.

Kev tshawb fawb tshiab, luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Human Evolution, muab pov thawj rau thawj cov ntaub ntawv piv txwv ntawm txoj cai-handedness nyob rau hauv hominids (thiab nws tsis yog homo sapiens). Paleoanthropologist David Freyer pom cov pov thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim hauv Homo habilis, uas nyob 1.8 lab xyoo dhau los. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshuaj xyuas cov pob txha hniav ntawm tus txiv neej uas txawj ntse thiab pom muaj kev puas tsuaj tshwj xeeb uas qhia tau hais tias siv cov cuab yeej tuav ntawm sab tes xis.

9. Dab neeg yawg koob meej

Rewriting keeb kwm: lub mysterious poj koob yawm txwv ntawm txiv neej.

Kev tshawb pom tshiab ntawm Indonesian kob ntawm Sulawesi qhia tias nws yuav muaj ib zaug nyob hauv tsev rau hominid uas tsis tau paub txog. Archaeologists tau unearthed pua pua ntawm cov cuab yeej pob zeb uas muaj tsawg kawg yog 118,000 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov pov thawj qhia tias tib neeg niaj hnub tuaj txog ntawm cov kob 50,000 txog 60,000 xyoo dhau los. Lub hav zoov ntawm hominid tshiab yog plausible heev. Nrog

ulavesi nyob ze ntawm cov kob ntawm Flores. Xyoo 2003, archaeologists nrhiav tau lwm hom hominid, uas lawv hu ua Homo floresiensis (Floresian txiv neej), thiab cov neeg hu nws "hobbits". Cov tsiaj no tsim nws tus kheej ntawm Flores ua ntej thaum kawg ploj mus 50,000 xyoo dhau los.

10. Hemp txoj kev

Rewriting keeb kwm: txoj kev hemp.

Cov kws tshawb fawb niaj hnub qhia tias cannabis tau siv thawj zaug thiab tuaj yeem cog rau hauv Suav teb thaum ub txog 10,000 xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los xij, Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Dawb ntawm Berlin tsis ntev los no tau sau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua qhov muaj pov thawj archaeological ntawm cannabis thiab pom tias cannabis siv tau tsim nyob rau sab hnub tuaj Europe thiab Nyij Pooj tib lub sijhawm xws li hauv Suav teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv cannabis hauv Western Eurasia tseem tsis tau hloov pauv ntau xyoo thiab tom qab ntawd muaj zog zuj zus hauv Hnub Nyoog Bronze. Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias cannabis tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam muag los ntawm lub sijhawm no thiab kis thoob plaws hauv Eurasia.