Mikhail Kalashnikov thiab keeb kwm ntawm lub creation ntawm nto moo phom phom

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tej zaum nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau nrhiav tau ib tug neeg uas tsis tau hnov txog lub npe nrov AK-47 thiab legendary Soviet arms tsim Mikhail Kalashnikov. Tsim ntau tshaj 70 xyoo dhau los, rab phom tua phom tseem suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws thiab tau ua haujlwm hauv 50 lub teb chaws thoob ntiaj teb. Txawm li cas los xij, tej yam tuaj yeem hloov pauv txawv.

Yuav ua li cas riam phom tau tsim thiab ua haujlwm dab tsi uas Kalashnikov rab phom tua ua hnub no - nyeem tsab xov xwm.

Lub hnub yug ntawm ib tug dab neeg

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, cov riam phom tshiab tau siv, suav nrog riam phom me me rau cov khoom nruab nrab.

Nyob rau hauv 1943, thaum lub Soviet Union tau ntes German Mkb.42 thiab American carbines, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm domestic phom phom pib. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau ua haujlwm los tsim cov riam phom uas tuaj yeem tua me me caliber cartridges dua li tus German counterpart.

Thawj tus qauv ntawm AC-44 tau nthuav tawm los ntawm tus tsim qauv Alexei Sudaev. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1945, cov kev loj hlob tshuab ntawm Fedor Tokarev, Vasily Degtyarev thiab Sergey Korovin tau tawm los mus kuaj. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kheej-loading carbine ntawm tus tub hluas gunsmith designer Mikhail Kalashnikov pom lub teeb ntawm lub hnub, uas yuav sib tw nrog tus kheej-loading carbine Sergei Simonov.

Tsoomfwv tsis tau maj nrawm los tsim cov riam phom tshiab, thiab xyoo 1946 nws tau txiav txim siab los tuav kev sib tw rau cov phom tshuab. Kalashnikov kuj tau koom nrog thiab nthuav tawm qhov kev txhim kho ntawm cov carbine - AK-46. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog ib qho riam phom dhau qhov kev sib tw. Mikhail Timofeevich, ua ke nrog lwm cov phom, tau txais lwm txoj hauv kev rau kev sim hauv xyoo 1947.

Yeej qhov kev sib tw thiab nthuav tawm serial ntau lawm

Raws li ib tug tub rog, tus tsim qauv paub ua ntej tias cov tub rog zoo tib yam tsis kawm tiav los ntawm tub rog academies. Tias yog vim li cas Kalashnikov xav ua ib rab phom tshuab yooj yim thiab txhim khu kev qha uas yuav tsis poob rau lub sijhawm nyuaj. Mikhail Timofeevich rov qab mus rau Kovrov thiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag tus naj npawb 2, ua ke nrog cov phom Alexander Zaitsev, tsim ib tug tshiab version ntawm lub AK, uas underwent loj kev hloov nyob rau hauv tsos thiab mechanism.

Xyoo 1948, lawv dhau qhov kev xeem zaum kawg. AK-47 tau lees paub tias yog rab phom tshuab zoo tshaj plaws, txawm hais tias nws tsis muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv riam phom los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws, thiab ntawm Izhevsk cog No. 524 lawv tau txiav txim siab tso ib qho kev sim ntawm cov phom tshuab tshiab. Yog li ntawd, Mikhail Timofeevich mus rau Izhevsk, qhov chaw uas nws coj li tsim riam phom.

Txoj kev npaj rau kev tsim khoom ntawm 1,500 units ntawm cov tshuab tau ua tiav raws li lub sijhawm teev tseg. "Kalash" tau ua tiav qhov kev xeem thiab xyoo 1949 lawv tau ua tub rog Soviet. Tom qab ntawd cov riam phom tau raug npe hu ua AK thiab AKS (nrog rau lub folding Tshuag). Raws li Mikhail Timofeevich hais tias, "tus tub rog ua riam phom rau tub rog."

Peb hnub

Thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm nws lub neej, lub tshuab tau dhau los ua ntau yam kev hloov kho thiab kev txhim kho, tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua theem nws tuav nws txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm zoo. Tom qab AK-47, AK-74 tau tshwm sim, tsim rau Soviet low-impulse cartridges.

Nyob rau hauv 1979, ib tug compact tshuab rab phom AKSU tau tsim, uas yog nrov thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog Afghan. Tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, lub "pua pua" series ntawm cov cav tov tau tshwm sim, uas tsis tau muag tawm los ntawm txawv teb chaws cov neeg muas zaub. Ntawm qhov kev tsim kho tshiab kawg - "ob puas" "Kalash" thiab rab phom tshuab, yoog rau NATO caliber cartridges.

Nthuav qhov tseeb txog AK

1. Kalashnikov rab phom phom tseem yog riam phom ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. AK txawm nkag mus rau Guinness Phau Ntawv Cov Ntaub Ntawv, raws li nws suav txog 20% ntawm cov phom tsim hauv txhua lub tebchaws ua ke. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj AK, ntau tshaj 70 lab units tau tsim. Qhov nruab nrab, muaj 1 AK rau 60 tus neeg laus.

2. "Kalash" tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov hauv khw dub. Piv txwv li, hauv Is Nrias teb ib lub tshuab tuaj yeem raug nqi txog $ 3, 8 txhiab, thiab hauv Afghanistan - los ntawm $ 10 txhiab. Rau kev sib piv: hauv Tebchaws Meskas, riam phom raug nqi 70-350 pua, thiab hauv cov tebchaws uas tau tsim cov khoom tsis txaus ntseeg, tus nqi ntawm AK tsis kim dua li cov nqaij qaib.

3. Lub tshuab rab phom Soviet adorns cov cim ntawm qee lub tebchaws txawv tebchaws. Piv txwv li, Cook Islands npib, lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm African Zimbabwe, East Timor thiab Mozambique. Hauv Algeria thiab tim lyiv teb chaws muaj monuments commemorating riam phom. Thiab hauv Iraq, txawm tias lub tsev teev ntuj nrog minarets tau tsim, nco txog AK-47 lub khw. Afghans hu ua riam phom "Kalakhan", uas txhais tau tias "phooj ywg", thiab Africans hu lawv cov tub lub npe Kalash.

Txog rau xyoo 2012, Mikhail Kalashnikov tau koom nrog kev tsim phom phom loj thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau lub xeev thiab txawv teb chaws. Vim muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, tus kws tsim phom phom yuav tsum tawm ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Rau ib xyoos nws tau kho thiab raug phais, tab sis tsis muaj kev txhim kho.

Nyob rau hauv 2013, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 95, Mikhail Timofeevich tuag nyob rau hauv Izhevsk. Tus tsim qauv legendary yeej ib txwm sau tseg tias nws tau tsim lub AK tsis yog rau kev tua neeg, tab sis rau kev tiv thaiv. Qhov txhaum ntawm cov nom tswv yog tias lawv tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem pom zoo thiab siv riam phom tsis siv neeg los tsim kev puas tsuaj, tsis zoo.

Tab sis zaj dab neeg ntawm lub npe nrov AK tsis xaus rau ntawd. Cov neeg tua phom tau paub tseeb tias lub peev xwm ntawm Kalashnikov rab phom phom tseem tsis tau tas mus li, vim tias nws tsis yog rau tsis muaj dab tsi uas Fab Kis tsab Liberation muab AK thawj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm qhov tseem ceeb inventions ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Tam sim no txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev sim ntawm cov tshiab series, uas qhia tau hais tias high efficiency nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, txuas ntxiv mus.