Cov khoom no tau tsim nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, thiab tseem siv niaj hnub no

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lavxias teb sab inventions uas tshwm sim ua ntej lub xyoo pua nees nkaum pab peb txhua hnub. Leej twg tsis noj ncuav thiab zib ntab, tsis sov hauv tsev…? Tag nrho cov no yuav nyuaj dua yog tias nws tsis yog rau …

Muaj ntau ntau Lavxias teb sab inventions, lub authorship uas yog dav paub - Sikorsky lub dav hlau thiab helicopters, Zvorykin's TV, Kotelnikov's backpack parachute, Kalashnikov phom phom, xim duab ntawm Prokudin-Gorsky … zoo li no hauv keeb kwm, lawv tau hloov tag nrho cov kev lag luam.

Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem uas tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau keeb kwm, xws li lub qhov cub Lavxias lossis xya txoj hlua guitar, tetris lossis iav faceted. Thiab ntau lwm tus. Qee tus ua rau peb lub neej zoo dua txhua hnub, tab sis zaj dab neeg ntawm lawv qhov zoo li tsis nco qab lawm. Wb tham txog tsib.

Powdered mis nyuj: nyob rau hauv qhob cij, ncuav mog qab zib, yogurts

Powdered mis nyuj yog cov khoom siv dav heev thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws yog qhov yooj yim rau khaws cia, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tau txais ntau cov mis nyuj ntawm qee yam khoom, nws khaws cia feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham. Cov dej yog evaporated (thiab tom qab ntawd cov mis nyuj condensed qhuav), thiab txhua yam tseem nyob.

Qhov no yog ib yam khoom ntuj tsim. Bakers siv mis hmoov los ua khob noom cookie, thiab cov neeg tsim khoom siv mis nyuj siv ntau yam zaub mov txawv. Piv txwv li, cov mis nyuj hmoov nyob rau hauv ice cream yog ntau.

Lub tswv yim kom evaporate dej los ntawm cov mis nyuj thawj zaug tuaj rau Osip Gavrilovich Krichevsky nyob rau hauv 1802 - ib tug kws kho mob ntawm lub Nerchinsk factories tab tom nrhiav ib txoj kev los khaws ib tug ntawm ob peb yam khoom noj khoom haus uas muaj ntau nyob rau hauv ib tug deb Trans-Baikal lub zos. Nws ua tiav, tab sis thaum lub neej ntawm Krichevsky, tsis yog nws tus kheej lossis lwm tus kws kho mob txaus siab rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Tsuas yog peb xyoos tom qab ntawd, cov tuam txhab tau tshwm sim uas tsim cov mis hmoov rau muag. Los ntawm lig 1840s, mis nyuj hmoov pib kis thoob plaws teb chaws Europe.

Mis hmoov. Tau qhov twg los: interfoodcompanu.ru

Nce toj khaus: ntau zib mu ntau dua puas tau

Pyotr Ivanovich Prokopovich tau tsim lub thav duab beehive nyob rau hauv 1814. Tom qab ua tub rog, nws rov los tsev rau lub zos Mitchenki thiab pom muv ntawm nws tus tij laug; ib xyoo tom qab nws pib yug lawv tus kheej thiab ntes tau hluav taws nrog beekeeping. Thaum xub thawj, Prokopovich pib tsuas yog ob peb tus muv thaj chaw, tom qab ntawd nws tau kawm zib mu ua lag luam rau lub sijhawm ntev, thiab kaum tsib xyoos tom qab ntawd nws xav paub yuav ua li cas hloov kho lawv lub tsev.

Ua ntej, beekeepers yuav tsum tau tawg ua pob khaus kom tau zib mu, thiab swarm ntawm muv tuag. Nrog thav duab khaus, txhua yam yooj yim dua - lawv tuaj yeem siv tau ntau zaus: tshem tawm cov thav ntawv, sau zib mu, thiab tom qab ntawd rov qab cov thav duab rau nws qhov chaw kom cov muv sau nrog honeycombs dua. Yog tag nrho.

Nrog cov khaus tshiab, Prokopovich's apiary tau loj hlob mus rau kaum txhiab tus muv nyob hauv xyoo 1830 thiab tau los ua cov zib ntab loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb! Tom qab ntawd, Prokopovich tau qhia ntau tus kws tshaj lij hauv nws lub tsev kawm ntawm beekeepers. Nws invention tseem irreplaceable nyob rau hauv tej apiary.

Ncej beehive. Tau qhov twg los: gaiserbeeco.com

Cua sov radiators: sov sov hauv peb tsev

Cov roj teeb uas paub zoo uas yuav tsum tau ua kom sov yuav luag txhua lub tsev Lavxias, nrog rau ntau lab lub tsev nyob thoob plaws ntiaj teb, yog cov tsim ntawm Lavxias German Franz Karlovich San Galli. Nws tau tsim ntau yam khoom siv hlau hauv St. Petersburg, xws li qhov cub thiab qhov chaw nyab xeeb, thiab qee qhov tau txais kev txiav txim rau lub tshuab cua sov.

San Galli xav paub seb yuav ua li cas kom yooj yim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas twb muaj lawm - ua rau lawv cov dej thiab tubular txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hloov cov cua sov. Qhov no tshwm sim hauv 1855. Nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua, ib tug neeg ua lag luam German tau tsim lub Hoobkas thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm radiators. sai heev, nws cov khoom tau tshwm sim txawv teb chaws.

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws yog San Galli uas tuaj nrog lub tswv yim hu nws invention "roj teeb".

San Galli Hoobkas tshaj tawm. Tau qhov twg los: peretzprint.ru

Ski tsheb

Physicist Sergei Sergeevich Nezhdanovsky tsim lub dav hlau thiab nyob rau hauv 1903 xav sim lub cav thiab kiv cua ntawm ib tug tshiab tsim. Ua li no, nws txuas lawv mus rau ib hom sleigh. Yog li - yuav luag los ntawm kev sib tsoo - lub snowmobile, ntau precisely, "ib tug sled nrog ib tug kiv cua rau kev txav mus rau hauv cov daus", tig tawm. Lawv tsis tau daig hauv cov daus zoo li lub tsheb log, yog lub teeb thiab tuaj yeem txav mus rau qhov siab ceev.

Lub invention sai heev nyiam cov kev txaus siab ntawm industrialists, thiab zus tau tej cov "ski tsheb" pib. Cov nroj tsuag Dux yog thawj zaug ua "lub tsheb caij ski". Tus qauv 1912 twb tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm mus rau 85 km ib teev. Lub invention tau txiav txim los ntawm Ministry of War. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1916, Nezhdanovsky tsim thawj lub cev muaj zog sleds, qhov tseeb, thawj snowmobile - ib tug irreplaceable thauj nyob rau hauv lub North ntawm Russia thiab Siberia.

Thawj lub cev muaj zog sleigh ntawm Nezhdanovsky. Tau qhov twg los: titcat.ru

Thawj icebreaker

Lub caij ntuj no nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntev tau ntxhov siab heev rau cov tub lag luam Mikhail Osipovich Britnev. Tus tswv ntawm lub nkoj nkoj, tsev txhab nyiaj thiab lub tuam txhab steamship thauj khoom los ntawm Kronstadt mus rau Oranienbaum. Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum cov dej khov twb cuam tshuam nrog cov nkoj, tab sis tseem tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus lub dav dav sleigh, kev lag luam nres - uas txhais tau tias tsis muaj nyiaj tau los.

Britnev tuaj nrog lub tswv yim yooj yim - tsim lub hneev nti ntawm lub nkoj zoo li nws "loj" mus rau hauv dej khov. Cov dej khov tawg hauv qab qhov hnyav ntawm lub nkoj, thiab koj tuaj yeem ua luam dej ntxiv.

Thawj icebreaker yog lub nkoj me me "Pilot" - xyoo 1864 nws tau ua tiav kev caij nkoj. Ua tsaug rau lub icebreaker, nws tuaj yeem thauj cov khoom thauj tau ob lub hlis hauv ib xyoos ntev dua li ua ntej. Britnev tus thib ob icebreaker, Tub, kuj ua tau zoo.

Ib tug Soviet stamp nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Pilot icebreaker. Tau qhov twg los: Wikimedia Commons

Ob peb xyoos tom qab, tus tub lag luam patented nws tsim. Tsis ntev, lwm lub icebreaker tau ua raws li nws patent los ntawm Germans, ces cov Danes, Dutch, Swedes thiab Asmeskas. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov icebreakers tau pib ply ntau seas, uas tau ua rau nws pheej yig dua rau nkoj ntau yam khoom.

Konstantin Kotelnikov