TOP 11 qhov kev kwv yees zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb yav dhau los uas tau los muaj tseeb

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov kws tshawb fawb zoo yav dhau los tau sau lawv cov npe hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb pom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee zaum lawv cov txuj ci tseem ceeb yog ua ntej ntawm lub sijhawm uas lawv muaj peev xwm twv tsis tau tsuas yog kev txhim kho ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, tab sis kuj los twv seb hom kev tsim kho tshiab yuav tos tib neeg yav tom ntej. Tseeb tiag, deb ntawm ib qho kev kwv yees ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm xyoo dhau los tau los muaj tseeb. Nov yog 11 qhov kev kwv yees tseeb ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse uas tau lees paub uas twb tau los lawm.

1. Kev sib txuas lus ntawm tes (Nikola Tesla)

Nikola Tesla yog thiab tseem yog ib qho ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb zoo tshaj plaws thiab paub tsis meej ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los, uas nws cov khoom tsim tau tiag tiag ua ntej ntawm lawv lub sijhawm ntau txoj hauv kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qee qhov ntawm nws cov tswv yim tsis tau siv los ntawm nws vim tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb txoj kab ntawm kev xav tau ua pov thawj tom qab ib lub sijhawm, thaum nws qhov kev kwv yees tau tshwm sim.

Rov qab rau xyoo 1908, Nikola Tesla tau muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm ib qho ntawm nws cov haujlwm, uas yog kev tsim cov kev sib txuas lus wireless. Cov thev naus laus zis no tau dhau los ua qhov zoo ib yam li lub xov tooj ntawm tes paub txog cov neeg niaj hnub. Thiab ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo dhau los, tus kws tshawb fawb tau sau txog nws lub tswv yim raws li hauv qab no:

"Thaum qhov haujlwm tiav lawm, tus neeg ua lag luam yuav tuaj yeem hais cov lus qhia los ntawm New York thiab lawv yuav tshwm sim tam sim hauv nws lub chaw haujlwm hauv London lossis lwm qhov. Nws yuav muaj peev xwm tham los ntawm nws qhov chaw ua haujlwm nrog txhua tus neeg siv xov tooj hauv ntiaj teb."

2. Ntse saib (Nikola Tesla)

Nikola Tesla qhov kev txawj ntse kom meej meej tsis tau nres ntawm ib qho kev twv ua ntej uas tau tshwm sim - tom qab tag nrho, nws tau zoo heev, txawm hais tias tso dag, hu ua "tus txiv neej uas tsim lub xyoo pua 20th." Tab sis, raws li nws tau muab tawm, tus kws tshawb fawb tau dhau mus dhau ib puas xyoo thiab kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm tsawg kawg ib qho khoom siv uas nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam thev naus laus zis tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua 21st. Qhov no yog smartwatch.

Xyoo 1909, hauv kev xam phaj nrog New York Times, Nikola Tesla qhia nws lub zeem muag ntawm kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis yav tom ntej. Tus kws tshawb fawb genius tau hais txog lub cuab yeej, cov lus piav qhia uas haum rau lub ntsej muag ntse niaj hnub:

“Ib qho khoom siv pheej yig, tsis pub ntau tshaj ib lub moos, yuav tso cai rau nws tus tswv mloog, nyob qhov twg - hauv hiav txwv lossis hauv av - suab paj nruag lossis nkauj, cov lus hais ntawm tus thawj coj nom tswv, tus kws tshaj lij, lossis cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm tus pov thawj nyob ntawm nyob deb heev. Txhua daim duab, kos npe, kos duab lossis ntawv tuaj yeem hloov mus rau tib txoj kev."

3. Cov tshuaj tshiab (Dmitry Mendeleev)

Xib fwb Dmitry Mendeleev sau nws lub npe nyob rau hauv keeb kwm ntawm chemical science feem ntau nrog nws lub sij hawm lub sij hawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj, thawj version ntawm uas tau muab tso ua ke nyob rau hauv 1869. Thaum lub sij hawm nws muab tso ua ke, tus kws tshawb fawb ntau tshaj ib zaug tsiv daim npav nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ua ke, sim ua kom lawv cov kab ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo sib xws hauv cov khoom.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim ib ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus los ntawm lub teeb mus rau hnyav, uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov txheeb ze atomic mass. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Mendeleev sab laug nyob rau hauv lub rooj ntau lub hlwb khoob, qhov twg, raws li nws cov kev kwv yees, cov ntsiab lus tseem tsis tau pom los ntawm kev tshawb fawb yuav nyob.

Nthuav qhov tseeb:rau qee lub npe tseem tsis paub meej, Mendeleev siv cov lus ua ntej "eka", "dwi" thiab "peb" uas hauv Sanskrit feem txhais tau tias "ib", "ob" thiab "peb". Kev siv qhov no los yog cov lus hais ua ntej tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kwv yees txoj hauj lwm ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej: pes tsawg kab nqes los ntawm cov khoom paub nrog cov khoom zoo sib xws uas kwv yees lub caij yog.

Yog li, piv txwv li, hauv 1875-1886 gallium (ekaaluminium), scandium (ekabor) thiab germanium (ekasilicium) tau tshawb pom. Ua ntej ntawd, xyoo 1871, Mendeleev tau kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom nyob nruab nrab ntawm thorium thiab uranium - nws tau los ua protactinium, uas tau pom peb caug xyoo tom qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub rooj xyoo 1869 tau qhia tias muaj cov khoom hnyav dua li titanium thiab zirconium, thiab ob xyoos tom qab ntawd, lanthanum tau tshwm sim hauv qhov chaw ntawd. Tsis tas li ntawd Mendeleev kwv yees hafnium pom tsuas yog xyoo 1923.

4. Internet thiab Wikipedia (Arthur Clarke)

Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau qhia meej tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim zoo li hauv Internet tau kwv yees los ntawm ntau tshaj ib tus neeg. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog tus kws sau ntawv xov xwm zoo tshaj plaws, paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws cov ntawv tshiab 2001: A Space Odyssey, Arthur Charles Clarke.

Yog li, xyoo 1976, thaum lub rooj sib tham IT ntawm Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Clark tau muab kev xam phaj rau AT&T corporation, qhov uas nws tau hais txog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm zoo li Wikipedia, uas tuaj yeem nyob hauv daim ntawv hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev sib kis, uas, hauv paus ntsiab lus, tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog kev twv ua ntej cov tsos thiab Internet yog nws daim ntawv tam sim no.

Cov kev kwv yees tau ua raws li hauv qab no: "Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, cov khoos phis tawj yuav txuas nrog lub tsev qiv ntawv loj, qhov twg txhua tus tuaj yeem nug cov lus nug thiab tau txais cov lus teb rau nws, nrog rau tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov txaus siab rau nws ncaj qha. Lub tshuab yuav xaiv tsuas yog cov ntaub ntawv koj xav tau hauv lub tsev qiv ntawv hauv nruab nrab, tsis yog … cov khib nyiab uas koj tau txais thaum koj yuav ob lossis peb phaus ntoo - ntawv xov xwm."

5. Kev kawm nrug deb (Arthur Clarke)

Lwm qhov kev twv ua ntej ntawm tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm nto moo, uas twb tau ua tiav tiav lawm, yog qhov kev kwv yees ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv nrog kev pab los ntawm cov ntawv sau hauv online, nrog rau cov cuab yeej tsim nyog rau qhov no. Clark pom ib lub cib fim nyob rau hauv txoj kev kawm no kom tsis txhob pom cov txheej txheem tedious thiab yuam:

“… Txawm hais tias tus neeg siv hnub nyoog npaum li cas thiab nws cov lus nug yuav ruam npaum li cas, nws yuav tuaj yeem nrhiav tau cov lus teb rau nws. Thiab nws yuav muaj peev xwm ua qhov no hauv nws lub tsev, ntawm nws tus kheej nrawm, hauv nws txoj kev, hauv nws lub sijhawm. Ces sawv daws yuav txaus siab rau txoj kev kawm. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov hu ua kev kawm tam sim no yog kev ua phem tiag tiag.

Txhua tus neeg raug yuam kom kawm tib yam, tib lub sijhawm, tib lub sijhawm, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw - hauv chav kawm. Tab sis txhua tus neeg txawv! Rau qee tus, cov txheej txheem no nrawm dhau, rau lwm tus qeeb dhau, rau lwm tus nws tsuas yog tsis yog txoj hauv kev. Tab sis muab sijhawm rau lawv ua raws li lawv txoj kev nyiam ua ib qho kev xaiv ntxiv. Thawj zaug, yuav tsis muaj qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov neeg siv khoom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv”.

6. Geostationary satellite orbit (Arthur Clarke)

Qhov txiaj ntsig loj tshaj plaws ntawm Arthur Clarke ua ib tus neeg nyiam ntawm kev tshawb fawb yog qhov kev twv ua ntej ntawm ib qho ntawm cov hom satellite orbit - geostationary. Rov qab rau Lub Ob Hlis 1945, tus kws sau ntawv keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb, hauv tsab ntawv mus rau tus editor ntawm Wireless World, tau hais tias geostationary satellites tuaj yeem siv rau kev sib txuas lus. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv Lub kaum hli ntuj ntawm tib lub xyoo, nws tshaj tawm tib lub tswv yim nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm sau nyob rau hauv lub title "Extraterrestrial relay kev sib txuas lus: qhov chaw foob pob hluav taws puas muab teeb liab kev pab cuam ntawm tag nrho lub ntiaj teb no?"

Hauv nws txoj kev tshawb fawb, Clarke tau qhia txog qhov kwv yees tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub voj voog, cov cim qhia rau lub zog xav tau ntawm cov khoom xa tawm, lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob siv cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab cov qib ntsuas ntawm qhov yuav cuam tshuam ntawm hnub ci eclipses.

Tus kws sau ntawv lub tswv yim tsuas yog coj los ua lub neej nyob rau xyoo 1963, thaum NASA cov kws tshaj lij tau tshaj tawm satellites rau hauv qhov chaw los sim nws txoj kev xav hauv kev xyaum. Tam sim no, lub geostationary orbit tau ua tiav, thiab lawv tau pib hu nws los ntawm kev hwm ntawm tus sau - Clark's Orbit lossis Clark's Belt.

7. Great London Hluav Taws (Nostradamus)

Tus Fabkis alchemist Michel de Nostradamus, zoo dua lub npe hu ua Nostradamus, yog ib tug neeg tsis sib haum xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau nws qhov kev kwv yees. Ntau tus tsis ntseeg txog lub peev xwm ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb ntawm Lub Ntiaj Teb Nruab Nrab Nruab Nrab - tom qab tag nrho, feem ntau ntawm lawv tau cuam tshuam nrog astronomical phenomena, thiab nws yooj yim xam lawv.

Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho kev kwv yees sawv tawm los ntawm cov duab dav dav ntawm Nostradamus qhov kev kwv yees. Peb tab tom tham txog ib qho kev nkag hauv nws phau ntawv Les Propheties de Nostradamus, uas tau luam tawm xyoo 1555: Tsuas yog ntshav yuav nqhis dej hauv London, hlawv hauv hluav taws 66, tus poj niam laus yuav poob ntawm nws qhov chaw siab, thiab ntau tus kwv tij hauv kev ntseeg. yuav raug tua”…

Amazingly, nws yog nyob rau hauv 1666 tias qhov xwm txheej uas poob hauv keeb kwm raws li "Great Fire of London" tshwm sim. Tom qab ntawd cov nplaim taws, uas tau kub hnyiab tau peb hnub, rhuav tshem cov cuab yeej ntawm kwv yees li 70 txhiab tus neeg nyob hauv lub nroog Askiv, txawm hais tias lawv cov naj npawb tag nrho nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog txog 80 txhiab.

Nthuav qhov tseeb: hluav taws kub loj, uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj heev thiab poob, txawm li cas los xij muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo - nws tau nres qhov kev hu ua "Great Plague". Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim loj heev ntawm tus kab mob plague hauv London xyoo 1665-1666.

8. Cov tsos ntawm Adolf Hitler nyob rau hauv keeb kwm arena (Nostradamus)

Kuj ceeb tias, ntawm qhov kev kwv yees ntawm Nostradamus muaj ib qho uas tau kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib tus neeg. Nws suab zoo li no: "Nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm Western Europe, ib tug me nyuam yaus yuav yug los ntawm cov neeg pluag, nws yog tus uas nws tus nplaig yuav raug ntxias los ntawm cov tub rog loj, nws lub yeeb koob yuav nce mus rau sab hnub tuaj."

Feem ntau cov neeg txhais lus ntawm kev kwv yees ntawm Fabkis alchemist thiab astrologer inclined ntseeg tias cov kab no yog hais txog … Adolf Hitler. Lub neej yav tom ntej Fuhrer ntawm Thib Peb Reich tau yug los hauv Western Europe rau hauv tsev neeg pluag. Thiab nws tau siv nws cov txuj ci hais lus uas twb muaj lawm hauv cov neeg laus los yeej dhau cov neeg coob ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas nws tau yooj yim ua tiav hauv cov keeb kwm tiag tiag.

Ntxiv mus, Nostradamus, pom tau tias, kwv yees ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Thib Peb Reich hauv thawj theem ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 2 ua ntej kev xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj sab hnub tuaj - xyoo 1939-1941, nws cov tub rog tau txeeb thiab tuav thaj chaw ntawm cov xeev Western Europe. tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau. Thiab tsuas yog qhov kev txiav txim siab tig cov tub rog mus rau sab hnub tuaj nres qhov kev nruj nruj no.

9. Cold War (Alexis de Tocqueville)

Xyoo 1831, tus naas ej Fabkis txoj kev nom kev tswv uas tom qab ntawd los ua Fab Kis Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Alexis de Tocqueville tau luam tawm ib daim ntawv cog lus hu ua Kev ywj pheej hauv Asmeskas. Nyob rau hauv nws, qhov uas nws tau hais meej meej txog kev sib cav ntawm Russia thiab Tebchaws Meskas yav tom ntej, txawm hais tias nws nyob ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo ua ntej lub sijhawm no. Qhov no yog lub sijhawm ntawm Tsov Rog Txias ntawm Tebchaws Meskas thiab Soviet Union.

Alexis de Tocqueville hais txog lub ntsiab ntawm lub hwj chim hauv cov xeev no, nrog rau lawv lub "superpower" yav tom ntej: "Tam sim no, muaj ob lub teb chaws loj hauv ntiaj teb uas, txawm tias tag nrho lawv qhov sib txawv, zoo li tab tom mus rau ib lub hom phiaj. Cov no yog Russians thiab Anglo-Asmeskas. Ob tus neeg no tau tshwm sim rau ntawm theem tsis tau npaj txhij …

… Hauv Asmeskas, kom ua tiav cov hom phiaj, lawv tso siab rau tus kheej nyiam thiab muab kev ua si tag nrho rau lub zog thiab kev txawj ntse ntawm tus txiv neej. Raws li rau Russia, peb muaj peev xwm hais tias muaj tag nrho lub hwj chim ntawm lub zej zog yog concentrated nyob rau hauv txhais tes ntawm ib tug neeg. Nyob rau hauv America, kev ua si yog raws li kev ywj pheej, nyob rau hauv Russia - ua qhev. Lawv muaj nyias keeb kwm thiab txawv txoj kev, tab sis nws muaj peev xwm heev uas Providence zais cia lawv txhua tus los ua tus poj niam ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb no."

10. Prosthetics thiab transplantation (Robert Boyle)

Co-sau ntawm tus naas ej Boyle-Mariotte txoj cai lij choj, Robert Boyle, tau dhau los ua tus kwv yees zoo. Lub xyoo pua 17th chemist tau ua ntau qhov kev xav txog kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej, uas tau pom tsuas yog tom qab tuag ntawm lawv tus kws sau ntawv hauv 1691. 24 qhov kev kwv yees ua nyob rau hauv cov ntawv sau tes tau luam tawm los ntawm Royal Society.

Nws yog ib qho ntawm cov kev kwv yees hais tias cov kev xav hauv qab no tau pom: yav tom ntej nws yuav muaj peev xwm "rov qab cov hluas los ntawm kev nrhiav tau cov hniav thiab cov plaub hau tshiab" thiab "kev kho cov kab mob ntawm qhov deb los ntawm kev hloov pauv." Cov kev kwv yees no piav qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov cov plaub hau, kho hniav prosthetics, thiab kev hloov pauv hauv nruab nrog cev niaj hnub no nrog kev xav tsis thoob. Yog li ntawd, Robert Boyle muaj peev xwm saib mus rau yav tom ntej ntau tshaj li ob puas xyoo tom ntej.

11. Molecules (Robert Boyle)

Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb ntawm kev kwv yees kho mob, Robert Boyle feem ntau yog tus kws tshawb fawb tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias nws qhov kev twv ua ntej hauv nws qhov chaw hauv tsev kuj tuaj yeem muaj tseeb. Yog li, nws tau nug cov lus nug ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm Antiquity, tshwj xeeb, Aristotle, tias txhua yam khoom siv hauv ntiaj teb tuaj yeem muaj plaub lub ntsiab lus - dej, ntiaj teb, hluav taws thiab huab cua.

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, Robert Boyle tau sau txog qhov no: "txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no muaj cov corpuscles - cov ntsiab lus me me uas, hauv kev sib txawv, tsim ntau yam khoom thiab cov khoom." Qhov tseeb, tus kws tshawb fawb kwv yees qhov tseeb tau kwv yees qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov molecule - qhov me tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj uas muaj tag nrho nws cov khoom siv tshuaj. Nws yog thawj zaug tau piav qhia thiab muaj npe yuav luag ob puas xyoo tom qab tshaj tawm ntawm Boyle qhov kev kwv yees - ntawm International Congress of Chemists hauv Karlsruhe xyoo 1860.