Petroleum khoom noj

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev lag luam zaub mov tsis nyob twj ywm, thiab tam sim no peb twb pib ntshai tias tsis ntev cov neeg tsim khoom yuav pub peb cov roj cutlets. Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, peb tsis ntshai tsis tsim nyog, txij li cov roj tau siv los tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb uas tau siv ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam khoom noj thiab hauv tsev ua noj.

Proteins los ntawm roj

Qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov tsis muaj cov protein ntau hauv kev noj haus ntawm tib neeg tau ntev heev. Rov qab rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tib neeg nkag siab tias zaub mov yuav tsis ntev, vim tias tib neeg tau loj hlob sai heev. Lawv tau sim daws cov teeb meem zaub mov thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, thiab kev tshawb fawb txuas ntxiv mus txog niaj hnub no.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1960s, Academician Alexander Nesmeyanov, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences thiab Rector ntawm Moscow State University, tau npaj ib txoj kev los tsim cov proteins hluavtaws los ntawm petrochemical pov tseg. Nrog kev pab los ntawm nws cov thev naus laus zis, nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov nqaij thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj, cov caviar cuav. Kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Soviet chemist tau ua nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev. Ntawm ib sab, cov amino acids, lub hauv paus ntawm cov proteins, tau tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv roj av.

Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov poov xab tau loj hlob ntawm cov roj hydrocarbons, los ntawm cov khoom noj protein tau tom qab ntawd. Nrog kev pab los ntawm Nesmeyanov thev naus laus zis, nws tuaj yeem tau txais cov nqaij thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj uas yog 4-5 zaug pheej yig dua li cov nqaij thiab mis nyuj. Muaj tseeb tiag, cov qauv ntawm cov nqaij tiag tiag los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws tsis tuaj yeem tsim dua tshiab, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau txais cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab cov khoom noj ib nrab tiav, cov nqaij minced, cutlets.

Cov kev sim no pib fizzle tawm tom qab kev tuag ntawm Nesmeyanov. Yog vim li cas yog, ntawm lwm yam, kev tsis ntseeg ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet rau hluavtaws es tsis yog cov khoom noj ntuj, thiab nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov nyhuv ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog rau kev noj qab haus huv tseem tsis tau kawm kom raug, muaj kev xav tias lawv tuaj yeem muaj qhov tsis zoo. nyhuv. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim cov protein ntau ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog yuav ua rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab ua rau ntau tus pej xeem Soviet ua haujlwm. Yog li ntawd, cov protein los ntawm cov roj yeej tsis tshwm sim hauv kev tsim khoom loj.

Proteins tau tsim, tab sis cov khoom no tau mus rau tsiaj txhu noj. Thiab tam sim no, tsiaj proteins tau pib hloov pauv los ntawm cov zaub protein ntau, los tsim cov khoom siv mis nyuj los ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov qoob loo, taum, legumes, thiab lwm yam. Ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam zaub mov thiab hauv kev ua tsiaj txhu. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj hla cov khoom siv roj av tsis yog tsuas yog nyob rau hauv chaw nres tsheb roj thiab hauv lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj (yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj pleev thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau muaj cov khoom siv roj av), tab sis kuj ntawm lub rooj ob peb zaug hauv ib hnub.

Caviar

Artificial granular caviar tshwm sim los ntawm kev sim los ntawm pab pawg neeg kawm Nesmeyanov. Thaum xub thawj, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov mis nyuj proteins thiab qe, ntau precisely los ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj nrog ntxiv ntawm gelatin. Xws li caviar tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Nws tseem raug tsim, tsis yog los ntawm cov khoom siv mis nyuj, tab sis los ntawm cov khoom cog: algae, ntses pov tseg, agar lossis gelatin.

Noj cov pos hniav

Petroleum polymers yog siv los tsim cov pos hniav, txawm tias cov pos hniav nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj. Tab sis nws tau txais softness thiab "chewiness" ua tsaug rau cov khoom siv roj thiab cov khoom siv los ntawm lawv: wax, glycerin, lanolin, stearic acid. Yog li ntawd, zom cov pos hniav decomposes qeeb heev, ua tsaug rau cov roj.

Vanillin

Ntuj vanilla yog kim. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus, nws cov khoom siv hloov pauv feem ntau yog siv - vanillin. Nws kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov roj. Artificial vanillin yog pheej yig dua li ntuj pods, thiab ntau tsawg yog noj - cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm txhua sab. Vanillin tau ntxiv rau ntau cov khoom lag luam: cov khoom ci, curd cheeses, loj, thiab lwm yam.

Khoom noj khoom haus xim thiab preservatives

Ntau yam khoom noj khoom haus additives, colorants, preservatives, stabilizers, emulsifiers, tsw enhancers yog tsim los ntawm cov roj. Sodium benzoate yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus raws li kev khaws cia rau cov nqaij thiab cov khoom siv mis nyuj. Supresses txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob, kab mob, pwm, poov xab.

Nyob rau hauv cov koob tshuaj loj, nws yog carcinogenic, impairs lub secretion ntawm zaub mov enzymes lub luag hauj lwm rau redox tshuaj, thiab enzymes uas zom cov rog thiab starch. Yuav luag tag nrho cov xim zaub mov yog tsim los ntawm roj av los yog thee tar. Thiab txhua yam tsis zoo rau koj kev noj qab haus huv. Qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws yog cov xim liab, uas muaj ntau dua los yog tsawg zog carcinogens.