Yuav ua li cas Phau Qub tau los ua ib phau ntawv dawb huv hauv tebchaws Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Raws li kev soj ntsuam ze dua, nws hloov tawm tias qhov project hu ua "Cov Ntawv Qub" hauv Russia tsis yog "laus" kiag li. Rov qab rau hauv 1825 nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, ib tsab ntawm Phau Qub, txhais thiab luam tawm los ntawm lub koom haum Bible, raug hlawv - thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th nws tsis tau suav hais tias yog ib phau ntawv dawb huv hauv tebchaws Russia.

Phau Qub - Ancient Hebrew Scripture (Hebrew Bible) … Cov phau ntawv ntawm Phau Qub tau sau nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 13th txog rau xyoo pua 1. BC. Nws yog ib phau ntawv dawb ceev [ntawm Judaism thiab Christianity [, ib feem ntawm phau Vajlugkub.

Cov ntseeg ntseeg tias Vajluskub yeej ib txwm muaj Vajluskub tshiab thiab qub. Hauv qhov no lawv tau txais kev pab los ntawm cov kws ntseeg Vajtswv, uas ua pov thawj tias Phau Qub yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum, thiab ob phau ntawv sib haum xeeb ua tiav ib leeg txij li lub sijhawm ntawm Cov Thwj Tim. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog li ntawd. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Phau Qub tsis tau suav tias yog phau ntawv dawb huv hauv tebchaws Russia..

ROC version

- 982 ib. Phau Vajlugkub raug txhais los ntawm Cyril thiab Methodius;

- 1499 ib. Gennadiy phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tau tshwm sim (thawj ob daim ntawv [Pib [muaj Cov Qub thiab Tshiab);

- 1581 ib. Phau Vajlugkub ntawm thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv Ivan Fedorov (Ostrog Bible);

- 1663 ib. Moscow ib tsab ntawm Lavxias teb sab Vajluskub (yog ib tug me ntsis revised ntawv nyeem ntawm phau Vajlugkub Ostrog);

- 1751 ib. Elizabethan phau Vajlugkub;

- 1876 ib. Synodal translation, uas yog muab faib los ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj niaj hnub no.

Lavxias teb sab "[Orthodox" Lub Koom Txoos ua raws li cov tswv yim no txhawm rau kom pom cov laj thawj ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm phau Vajlugkub hauv cov lus Lavxias niaj hnub no [. Nws zoo li nws hloov tawm hais tias "Orthodox" [Lavxias teb sab neeg [muaj ib tug natural xav tau ib tug ua tiav phau Vajluskub, thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam sab nraud, sab nraud rog uas nrhiav los qhia Phau Qub phau ntawv rau hauv Lavxias teb sab "Orthodox" haiv neeg dawb huv..

Phau Qub nyob rau hauv Russia

Insofar as kev txhais lus ntawm Cyril thiab Methodius tsis tau muaj sia nyob, thiab rau qee yam vim li cas nws cov cim tsis tau taug qab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv Lavxias thaum ub, tom qab ntawd cov kws sau keeb kwm ntawm lub Koom Txoos muab lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev npaj phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tiav rau Archbishop Gennady, siv nws txoj cai kom cov tib neeg tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab; liam tias nyob rau hauv nws kev coj noj coj ua, thawj zaug hauv tebchaws Russia, Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (Cov Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum) thiab Phau Tshiab tau ua ke hauv ib lub npog.

Archbishop Gennadylos ua nto moo rau nws txoj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam "Heresy of the Judaizers", thiab lub tsev teev ntuj ua rau nws sib sau ua ke ntawm Phau Qub thiab Phau Tshiab. Cov. tus fighter nws tus kheej txhawb nyob rau hauv Russia lub ideological hauv paus ntawm heresy, uas nws fights tawm tsam. Paradox? - tab sis nws tau txais los ntawm ROC raws li qhov tseeb keeb kwm ntseeg tau.

* Nyob rau hauv Phau Qub muaj phau Kev Cai Lij Choj Yaxayas, uas muaj tag nrho cov kev qhia uas tau nthuav tawm los ntawm "Heresy of the living".

Nyob rau hauv Russia lub sij hawm ntawd muaj Phau Tshiab, Psalter thiab tus Thwj Tim.

Muaj ib qho version uas Gennady Bible tshwm sim tom qab. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1551 (uas yog, 52 xyoo tom qab lub ntsej muag ntawm Gennadiy Bible), lub Hundred-Glav Cathedral tau tshwm sim, uas qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhais cov phau ntawv dawb huv tau txiav txim siab.

3 phau ntawv raug lees paub tias dawb ceev: Txoj Moo Zoo, Psalter thiab tus Thwj Tim … Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum thiab Gennadiy phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tsis tau hais, uas cuam tshuam cov version ntawm Lavxias teb sab Orthodox lub tsev teev ntuj. Yog tias cov phau ntawv no twb muaj lawm, ces cov koom nrog hauv pawg sab laj yuav tsum tau hais tawm lawv txoj kev xav txog kev raug cai ntawm kev siv lawv.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, kev ua raws li kev txhais Vajluskub qub ua tsis tiav.

Ostrog Bible

Phau Vajlugkub Ostrog yog ib daim ntawv luam tiav ntawm Gennady Bible. Raws li lub tsev teev ntuj keeb kwm, Ivan Fedorov txiav txim siab luam tawm phau Vajlugkub Ostrog. Tab sis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsawg heev ntawm nws tus cwj pwm. Yog tsis muaj ntaub ntawv yuav ua li cas Ivan Fedorov los ua ib tug disacon? Leej twg pib, lub npe tau txais txiaj ntsig li cas? Nws kawm txog kev luam ntawv li cas, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj tso siab rau kev tsim thawj lub tsev luam ntawv? Cov lus nug tshwm sim - yog Ivan Fedorov tiag tiag thawj lub tshuab luam ntawv thiab tus sau phau Vajlugkub Ostrog.

Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias Ivan Fedorov tau koom nyob rau hauv lub ebb ntawm phom thiab invented ib tug multi-barrel mortar. Tus txiv neej nto moo uas nchuav phom thiab yog tus tsim ntawm ntau lub thoob khib nyiab tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog kev tshaj tawm Phau Qub hauv kev luam tawm, txuas nws phau ntawv keeb kwm nrog Tub Vaj Ntxwv Ostrog, yog li lub npe ntawm phau Vajlugkub - Ostrog. Tab sis qhov no tsis muab txoj cai rau Ivan Fedorov. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Ostrog tau koom nrog hauv kev npaj ntawm Union …

Nws tau sib yuav rau ib tug Catholic, thiab tus tub hlob, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Janusz, tau ua kev cai raus dej raws li Catholic rite

Tsis tas li ntawd, Ostrozhsky tau koom nrog lwm tus tshaj tawm ntawm Phau Qub - Francis Skaryna (nws nyob thiab ua haujlwm thaum lub neej ntawm Archbishop Gennady), tab sis tsis zoo li Gennady, Francis cov kev ua ub no yog "heretical". Yam tsawg kawg, nws nyob deb ntawm Orthodox kev lig kev cai. Kuj muaj pov thawj ntawm F. Skaryna kev sib cuag nrog cov neeg Yudais … Nws yog qhov ua tau tias lawv tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws txoj kev txaus siab rau Phau Qub cov ntawv.

Nws tuaj yeem hais tias nyob rau hauv Ukraine nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-70s ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, qhov tseeb, thaum pib ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv phau Vajlugkub Ostrog, twb muaj lawm. yuav luag tag nrho Phau Qub Phau Qub tau muab txhais ua Lavxias lossis Lub Koom Txoos Qub Slavonic. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov npe no nyob rau hauv muaj ntawm Ostrog princes. Obviously, lawv yuav tsum raug suav hais tias yog cov thawj coj ntawm phau Vajlugkub Ostrog..

Yog li, nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Russia [ntau txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav los npaj cov ntawv Lavxias-lus ntawm Phau Qub rau kev faib tawm hauv tebchaws Russia, uas tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias lub tshuab luam ntawv Ivan Fedorov liam tias muaj tes.

Moscow Bible

Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv Russia muaj kev sib cais nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj (1650-1660s) nyob rau hauv Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich [. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov kho yog faib cov ntseeg ua ob pawg: cov neeg uas ntseeg Tsar thiab Patriarch Nikon thiab ua raws li lawv, thiab cov uas txuas ntxiv ua raws li cov lus qhuab qhia qub.

Rau lub hom phiaj twg nws yog tsim nyog los sib piv Slavic phau ntawv nrog GreekNtxiv mus, Nikon nws tus kheej tsis paub lus Greek. Nws yog tseeb tias Nikon tsis tau txiav txim siab qhov no ntawm nws tus kheej. Nws muaj xws li ib tug neeg koom tes, Arseny Greek, uas tau ua ntau heev los rhuav tshem cov phau ntawv Slavic thiab sawv rau kev txhais lus tshiab.

Ib tug schism tau provoked, thiab thaum cov ntseeg puas ib leeg rau qhov no los yog hais tias ritual, luam tawm Moscow Bible nyob rau hauv 1663, uas rov hais dua Ostrozhskaya, nrog kev qhia meej raws li cov ntawv Hebrew thiab Greek.

Phau Qub (Hebrew Bible) tau ntxiv rau Phau Tshiab, thaum Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tau hloov kho kom nws pom tau tias yog "kev txuas ntxiv" lossis "superstructure" ntawm Phau Qub..

Library ntawm Congress Thawj Coj John Billington:

[… Ob tog suav tias yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm 1666-1667. "Kev sib sau ntawm cov neeg Yudais", thiab hauv tsab cai lij choj, pawg sab laj tau liam nws cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm kev raug tsim txom ntawm "cov lus tsis tseeb ntawm cov neeg Yudais" … Nws tau rumored nyob txhua qhov chaw uas lub xeev lub hwj chim tau muab rau "cov neeg Yudais raug foom tsis zoo", thiab Tsar tau nkag mus rau hauv kev puas tsuaj "Western. "kev sib yuav, intoxicated los ntawm kev hlub potions ntawm kws kho mob - cov neeg Yudais".

Ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov tsis meej pem, lawv tau nyiag phau Vajlugkub “ob leeg”

Txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis tuaj yeem daws txhua qhov teeb meem ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho. Txawm hais tias phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum Moscow tau tshwm sim los, nws tsis tau txais los ntawm tib neeg. Cov neeg tsis ntseeg qhov tseeb ntawm cov phau ntawv tshiab (qhov tseeb dua, lawv saib tsis taus thiab thuam) thiab pom lawv qhov kev taw qhia raws li sim ua qhev lub teb chaws(qhov no yog theem kev nkag siab ntawm kev nom kev tswv thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv!). Cov pawg ntseeg tseem siv Slavic versions ntawm Phau Tshiab, Tus Thwj Tim thiab Psalter.

Elizabethan Bible

Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum Elizabethan yog ib daim qauv ntawm phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum Moscow, nrog kev kho raws li Vulgate (Latin txhais phau Vajlugkub). Tom qab Napoleon ntxeem tau, xyoo 1812, lub Koom Haum Vaj Lug Kub tau tsim, uas tau pib faib phau Vajlugkub Elizabeth.

Txawm li cas los xij, sai sai Lub Koom Txoos Bible raug txwv.

Kev nthuav tawm phau Vajlugkub nrog Phau Qub tau tawm tsam los ntawm Nicholas I.

Nws paub tias xyoo 1825 tau txhais thiab luam tawm los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Phau Vajlugkub Phau Qub tsab ntawv raug hlawvNyob rau hauv lub cib factories ntawm lub Nevsky Lavra. Tsis muaj kev sim txhais lus ntxiv, cia nyob ib leeg tshaj tawm Phau Qub, thaum lub sijhawm peb caug xyoo ntawm Emperor Nicholas I.

Synodal translation

Kev txhais cov phau ntawv ntawm Phau Qub tau rov ua dua tshiab hauv 1856 thaum lub sijhawm kav ntawm Alexander II. Tab sis nws tau siv sijhawm 20 xyoo dhau los ntawm kev tawm tsam rau kev tshaj tawm Phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum hauv Lavxias hauv xyoo 1876 hauv ib lub ntim, ntawm nplooj ntawv uas yog: "Nrog rau txoj koob hmoov ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv." Cov ntawv no tau muaj npe " Synodal translation », « Synodal Bible"Thiab tau rov luam tawm rau hnub no nrog kev foom koob hmoov ntawm Patriarch ntawm Moscow thiab Tag nrho Russia.

Tus Vaj Ntsuj Synod, uas tau muab nws txoj koob hmoov rau kev faib tawm hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm kev txhais lus ntawm phau Vajlugkub uas muaj ob phau ntawv sib txuas ua ke hauv ib lub hau, tau kos npe rau qhov kev txiav txim rau nws [lub xeev , uas tau lees paub los ntawm txhua qhov xwm txheej tom ntej, suav nrog lub xeev tam sim no ntawm Russia.

Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhais Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum tau ua si los ntawm Daniel Abramovich Khvolson thiab Vasily Andreevich Levison, ib tug xibhwb los ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees uas hloov mus rau Orthodoxy hauv 1839. Nyob rau xyoo 1882, ib phau ntawv txhais lus Lavxias teb sab Hebrew tau luam tawm, ua haujlwm los ntawm British Bible Society los ntawm W. Levison thiab D. Khvolson.

Ib tug muaj peev xwm xav txog tej yam quab yuam tau xav muab Phau Qub raws li txoj cai ntawm "Holy Book", vim lawv tau tswj xyuas cov tswv cuab ntawm Vaj Ntsuj Plig Dawb Huv thiab hais kom lawv xav tau ntxiv phau Vaj Lug Kub Npaiv Npaum (Phau Qub) rau Phau Tshiab … Qee tus tau mob siab rau lub hom phiaj no uas lawv txawm tau txi ob tug xibhwb uas hloov los ntawm Judaism mus rau "Orthodoxy", tab sis tsuas yog raug cai, tab sis qhov tseeb lawv txuas ntxiv lawv cov neeg Yudais. Los ntawm txoj kev, Jewish electronic encyclopedia hais lus zoo ntawm lawv, thiab tsis yog cov neeg ntxeev siab.

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