Kev ua cov granite rau txhua kab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral, cov ntaub ntawv tsom xam, ntu 2

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Tom qab sau tsab xov xwm Ua tiav ntawm granite rau txhua kab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral, muaj ntau cov lus pom thiab, tshwj xeeb, ib lo lus nug tau nug txog obelisk ntawm Moscow railway chaw nres tsheb nyob rau hauv St.

Qhov no yog ib lo lus nug ncaj ncees heev, uas xav tau cov lus teb los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij tshwj xeeb. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus nug yog raws li nram no. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm kuv tau coj mus tham nrog tus kws kho mob ntawm Geological thiab Mineralogical Sciences Marina Yuri Borisovich, uas tau hais tias kev siv cov pob zeb tawg ntawm granite rau zus tau tej cov khoom zoo heev yog tsis yooj yim sua. Ntawd yog, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom siv deposits nyob rau hauv uas muaj kab rov tav thiab ntsug kab nrib pleb rau zus tau tej cov kab ntawm St. Isaac lub Cathedral. Thiab nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau lub Puterlax teb nyob ze Vyborg, los ntawm cov kab lus raug iab liam ua (thiab feem ntau hauv pem teb ntawm St. Petersburg), nws yog sau nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab ntawv tseeb ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th hais tias lub pob zeb outcrops muaj ib tug fractured qauv thiab. Raws li cov kab nrib pleb no, kev tawg ntawm blocks tau tshwm sim. Feem ntau, muaj ob qho kev sib koom ua ke tshwj xeeb. Thiab tus piv txwv nrog stele ntawm Moscow railway chaw nres tsheb tau tawm tsam cov lus ntawm YB Marin. Raws li koj paub, lub stele yog ua los ntawm ib tug monolith tawg tawm nyob rau hauv lub Renaissance chaw txua txiag zeb, thiab cov lus piav qhia rau nws hais tias nws tsoo tawm raws li ntuj tawg. Lub stele yog 22 meters ntev (qhov khoob yog 22.5 meters). Qhov no yog qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws monolith tom qab Alexander Kem (ua tiav 25.6 m). Hauv cov lus, kuv tau cog lus tias yuav daws qhov teeb meem no thiab qhov tseeb tsab xov xwm no tsuas yog hais txog qhov no.

Kom paub meej qhov xwm txheej, kuv tau sau ntawv mus rau St. Petersburg Mining University. Xib fwb ntawm Department of Mineralogy, Crystallography thiab Petrography, kws kho mob ntawm Geological thiab Mineralogical Sciences Ivanov Mikhail Alexandrovich ua siab zoo los teb kuv cov lus nug. Rau qhov ua tsaug ntau rau nws. Qhov tseeb, raws li cov lus teb, Mikhail Alexandrovich xa kuv nws txoj haujlwm kawg, nws tsuas yog mob siab rau txoj haujlwm Renaissance. Kev ua haujlwm yog voluminous, ntau nplooj ntawv thiab tsis muaj qhov taw qhia kiag li muab tso rau ntawm no. Nws yog sau rau cov kws tshaj lij thiab sau ua hom lus uas nyuaj rau kev nkag siab, ua tiav nrog cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb thiab cov ntsiab lus. Kuv tsuas yog nthuav tawm hauv thesis dab tsi txaus siab rau cov lus nug posed.

Yog li qhov point. Txhawm rau pib, luam theej duab thawj nplooj ntawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm MA Ivanov.

Twb tau nyob rau hauv thawj nplooj ntawv peb pom tias, qhov tseeb, nyob rau hauv lub Vozrozhdenie chaw txua txiag zeb muaj monolith outcrops ntawm loj loj, mus txog rau 10x15x60 meters. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb tau sau tseg los ntawm kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov tseeb, lub stele ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Moscow yog cov pov thawj ncaj qha ntawm qhov no. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no peb tab tom tham txog grey granite. Cov kab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral yog ua los ntawm lwm hom granite - liab rapakivi. Yog li ntawd yog dab tsi nrog cov liab rapakivi? Kuj tseem muaj lus teb rau nws.

Peb nyeem hauv cov xim dub thiab dawb uas liab rapakivi yog qhov tawg ntau dua thiab tsis tshua nyiam dua li pob zeb thaiv. Qhov no yog raws nraim li Yuri Borisovich Marin ib zaug hais rau kuv, nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua kab ntawm St. Isaac lub Cathedral nyob rau hauv particular thiab liab rapakivi nyob rau hauv general. Ib lo lus nug ntuj tshwm sim, qhov no puas yog dab tsi? Tom qab tag nrho, lub tswvyim ntawm "nce fracturing" yog arbitrary. Thiab ces peb nrhiav tau cov lus teb.

Kuv highlighted nyob rau hauv liab. Pink rapakivi muaj pob txha loj heev. Cov txheej muaj ib kauj ruam ntawm 20-50 cm. Yog li ntawd yog nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, grey granite tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab rov tav (kawg) los ntawm 2-3 txog 8-9 meters, thiab hauv qhov tshwj xeeb txog li 10-15 meters, xws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm monolith rau stele ntawm Moscow. chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau. Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas qhov tawg ntawm liab rapakivi no tsuas yog tshwm sim thaum nws tau faib. Ib qho lus piav qhia tseem ceeb heev.

Tsab ntawv no yeej zoo thiab, feem ntau, muab lus teb rau lo lus nug posed. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv yog ib tus neeg zoo siab heev los ntawm qhov xwm txheej, kuv tuav tsis tau dab tsi, thiab hauv kuv tus kheej sau ntawv nrog Mikhail Alexandrovich kuv tau qhia ntau lub ntsiab lus ncaj qha. Kuv yuav piav qhia txog qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov lus teb hauv qhov thesis.

Lus nug - Hauv tsab xov xwm peb tab tom tham txog kev ua haujlwm Renaissance. Yuav ua li cas muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog cov chaw txua txiag zeb hauv Puterlax, uas cov monoliths raug liam tias raug txiav rau txhua kab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral thiab Alexander Kem?

Teb: cov no (Vozrozhdenie chaw txua txiag zeb) tsis yog classical rapakivis (vyborgites), tab sis txawm li cas los xij lawv cov txheeb ze ze ntawm ob qho tib si ntawm lawv qhov xwm txheej thiab kev loj hlob.

Lus nug- Puas muaj kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no hauv Puterlax, puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm qhov tau piav qhia nyob rau xyoo 19th cov ntawv tseeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv?

Teb: Kuv tsis paub tias nyob rau hauv Puterlax lub Mining lub koom haum puas tau kawm txog lub xeev ntawm fracturing ntawm lub rapakivi massif, thiab kuj txiav txim siab lub tshuab siv nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm los cais cov pob zeb loj los ntawm cov massif.

Lus nug- tsab xov xwm hais tias qhov tawg ntawm grey rapakivi yog li 8-9 meters, thaum nws tau qhia tias tseem muaj monoliths ntsuas 10x15x60 meters. Yuav ua li cas yog cov loj loj monoliths?

Teb: Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm lub Vozrozhdenie granite chaw txua txiag zeb nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 80s, ib feem ntawm lub massif twb uncovered, nyob rau hauv uas nws muaj peev xwm mus soj ntsuam ib tug kab rov tav dag granite deposit, nrog ib tug tuab ntawm txog 10 m thiab ib tug ntaus ntev ntawm ntau tshaj. 60 m. Nws yog los ntawm nws tias lub monolith raug cais tawm rau cov kab ntau lawm rau Vosstaniya square. Qhov seem ntawm qhov tso nyiaj no yog qhia rau ntawm daim ntawv qhia geological thiab ntu hauv kuv tsab xov xwm.

Tsis tas li ntawd, kuv tau txais ntau cov lus teb rau cov lus nug, uas kuv tau nug yav dhau los xibfwb Yu. B. Marina.

Lus nug- Koj tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim li cas rau cov ntaub ntawv uas granite kuj yog mos rau thawj 4-5 hnub thiab tom qab ntawd hardens. Ua piv txwv, kuv xa ib qho scan ntawm Mevius mus rau Mining Journal xyoo 1841

Teb: Kuv tsis paub txog ib qho xwm txheej ntawm "hardening" ntawm rapakivi granite (thiab, feem ntau, hardening ntawm igneous pob zeb) tom qab kev sib cais ntawm lawv cov blocks los ntawm cov massif. Nws yog theoretically tsis yooj yim sua kom lees paub qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm xws li kev hloov pauv hauv cov khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kuv tuaj yeem xav tias "kev ntseeg" tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev paub txog lub peev xwm los ua kom tawv dua lwm lub tsev pob zeb - calcareous tuff, thiaj li hu ua "Pudost" pob zeb los ntawm cov tributaries ntawm Okhta River ze Gatchino. Qhov no yog tib lub pob zeb uas Voronikhin siv rau kev tsim kho ntawm Kazan Cathedral. Tseeb, tom qab tau muab rho tawm los ntawm lub plab, nws yog thawj zaug yooj yim txiav nrog ib tug steel cuab tam, tab sis tom qab ib pliag, vim lub recrystallization tsim nyob rau hauv nws, nws noticeably hardens. Qhov no tau paub rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau ib tus neeg xav txog rapakivi tib yam.

Lus nug- Hauv qhov no, koj tuaj yeem tawm tswv yim li cas rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj cov npoj yaig xibfwb A. G. Bulakha nyob rau hauv phau ntawv pob zeb kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm St. Petersburg uas piav qhia txog hardening ntawm granite los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm so. Tseem muaj nthwv dej thiab cov dej theories sim piav qhia qhov hardening ntawm granite.

Teb: Kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov "hardening" ntawm granite yog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, vim tsis muaj qhov theoretical hauv paus rau qhov no, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sim, tsis muaj pov thawj kev sim.

Lus nug- Mevius sau tias thaum sib cais granite blocks, qhov tau drilled nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 2.5 cm thiab ib tug tob ntawm 8.5 meters. Kuv xa qhov scan. Cov techies hais tias nws tsis yooj yim sua. Nyob rau ntawm qhov tob ntawm qhov boreholes, qhov cuam tshuam quab yuam ntawm rauj yuav raug damped los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm tus pas nrig thiab xuab zeb (crumb). Puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo li no?

Teb: Drilling bore-holes manually by the percussion-rotary method with a depth of 8, 5 m and a diameter of 2, 5 cm, nyob rau hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog theoretically ua tau, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum nws yog heev nyuaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm "tus kws tshaj lij" tau tawm tsam los ntawm qhov tseeb tias chiselling ntawm cov qhov sib sib zog nqus no tuaj yeem ua tsis tau nrog lub tshuab sledgehammer ntawm lub bar, tab sis nrog lub tshuab ntawm lub bar nws tus kheej, ntog mus rau lub tshuab. hauv qab nws qhov hnyav. Kev puas tsuaj ntawm pob zeb los ntawm wedging boreholes uas tau tsav los ntawm cov khoom steel tau paub txij li thaum ub. Kuv tus kheej tau ntsib cov neeg hauv thaj av Siberian uas ua haujlwm zoo li no hauv kev tso nyiaj ntawm mica, rhuav tshem nws cov crystals los ntawm granite pegmatites hauv lub xyoo ua ntej tsov rog. Kuv pom thiab tuav hauv kuv txhais tes ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej: steel chisels nrog lub taub hau tawv, cov cuab yeej siv rau kev tig lub chisel hauv qhov borehole thiab tshem tawm cov txiav los ntawm nws, nrog rau cov tes xuas tes ua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv paub rau kuv, qhov tob ntawm qhov drilled nyob rau hauv no txoj kev ranges ntawm 0.5 mus rau 2.0 m.

Nyob rau hauv lo lus nug kawg, kuv tsis tau pib yug me nyuam controversy, muab hais tias Mevius hais txog kev siv cov sledgehammers thiab cov passage ntawm tsis tsuas ntsug boreholes (qhov), tab sis txawm nyob ze, xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Alexander Kem. Thiab yuav ua li cas, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj peev xwm ntawm drifting ntawm lub borehole raug tshem tawm? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov lus teb ntawm ib tug kws tshwj xeeb yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kuv tias tsuas yog boreholes nrog ib tug tob ntawm 2 meters yog sau tseg.

Qhov ntawd yog txhua yam. Muaj ntau cov lus nug thiab lus teb, tab sis lawv nyob sab nraud ntawm cov kab lus no. Cov lus xaus yog dab tsi. Yog, tag nrho tib yam. Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tshawb fawb thiab ntseeg tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm hauv Puterlax. Los ntawm lo lus txhua. Tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Tsis muaj kev xav ntawm granite hardening. Piv txwv nrog grey granite stele nyob ze ntawm Moscow railway chaw nres tsheb yog tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov liab rapakivi granite pob zeb.

Raws li rau cov lus hais ntawm ib tug Mevius, rau leej twg, los ntawm txoj kev, peb tsis paub lub npe los yog patronymic, tab sis rau cov uas tag nrho cov chronologists thiab historians xa mus rau txij thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, nws yog ua tau, los yog es tsim nyog, kom lees paub tias tsis tseem ceeb. Qhov ntawd yog, lawv tsis muaj keeb kwm muaj nuj nqis vim lawv tsis sib haum xeeb thiab tsis lees paub los ntawm kev coj ua. Nws yog tau hais tias qhov no yog ib tug banal lig falsification. Clumsy, absurd, tab sis txawm li cas los xij. Cia kuv ceeb toom rau koj tias nws yog Mevius uas yog thawj qhov chaw thiab indisputable txoj cai rau tag nrho cov adherents ntawm lub official version ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm St. Isaac lub Cathedral thiab lub Alexander Kem. Qhov thib ob txoj cai yooj yim no yog Montferrand nws tus kheej, uas nws txoj haujlwm tsis zoo heev uas kuv tau txheeb xyuas kom meej hauv cov ntawv ntawm Isaac thiab Alexander Kem.

Ntawm no kuv tso kuv tseg, sawv daws nyeem, ua tsaug ntau.