Chij thiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tartary. Ntu 3

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Peb txuas ntxiv nkag siab txog yam uas tau piav qhia ntawm tus chij ntawm Tartary, uas muaj nyob rau hauv ntau phau ntawv siv ntawm 18th-19th centuries. Griffins, Amazons, Slav Achilles, Dazhdbog, uas tau hloov mus rau hauv Macedonian - tag nrho cov no yog nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm hais txog cov cim ntawm Tartary …

Chij thiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tartary. Ntu 1

Chij thiab lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Tartary. Ntu 2

Nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub nroog, xeev, cheeb tsam thiab lub zos ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws" (1899-1900), koj yuav nrhiav tau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub nroog ntawm Kerch, uas yog mus txog rau lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th. lub npe. "Crimean Khanate" los yog Little Tartary.

Lub griffin, ntawm chav kawm, tau hloov me ntsis, tab sis feem ntau nws zoo ib yam li cov vulture los ntawm tus chij ntawm Tartaria. Cov xim yog tib yam, thiab ntawm tus Tsov tus tw yog tib daim duab peb sab, tsuas yog me me, thiab tus Tsov tus tw yog thinner.

Thaj, cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws tau xa rov qab cov vulture mus rau Crimea, txij li thaum lub sij hawm ntawd muaj tsawg heev ntawm cov neeg sab laug uas yuav nco ntsoov nws cov keeb kwm yav dhau los, yog li ntawd lub rov qab ntawm lub cim no yuav tsis hem cov tub ceev xwm nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev. Nws yog qhov txaus ntshai tias tom qab kev kov yeej ntawm "Crimean Khanate" los ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, 30 txhiab cov ntseeg hauv paus txawm raug ntiab tawm ntawm Crimea (thiab yog tias lawv suav tsuas yog cov txiv neej laus xwb, ib yam li feem ntau ua nyob rau hnub ntawd, ces ntau ntxiv). Nco ntsoov tias cov tub ceev xwm tshiab tau raug ntiab tawm ntawm Crimea tsis yog Muslims, tsis yog cov neeg Yudais thiab tsis yog pagans, tab sis cov ntseeg. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb los ntawm keeb kwm canon.

Raws li txhua tus paub, Islam txwv tsis pub depicting tib neeg thiab tsiaj txhu. Tab sis ntawm tus chij ntawm Tatar Caesar, txawm tias zoo heev, tab sis ib tug tsiaj, thiab nyob rau hauv lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Little Tartary muaj peb ntawm lawv. Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub "Crimean Khanate" ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntseeg raug ntiab tawm ntawm Crimea. Yog li leej twg yog cov hauv paus txawm "Crimean Tatars"? Peb yuav sim teb cov lus nug hauv qab no.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tam sim no, ib tug griffin yog siv rau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub Crimea (thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm lub Altai koom pheej, lub zos ntawm Verkhnyaya Pyshma, Sverdlovsk cheeb tsam, Manturovo, Kostroma cheeb tsam., Sayansk, Irkutsk Thaj Chaw, thiab lwm yam). Pom tau tias peb nyob deb ntawm thawj zaug los xav txog cov lus nug ntawm nws keeb kwm.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev piav qhia rau lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Kerch nyob rau hauv 1845, peb nyeem hais tias "nyob rau hauv ib tug golden teb, ib tug dub, galloping griffin yog lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm ib zaug flourishing peev ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm lub Vosporsky Panticapaeum, qhov twg Kerch tau tsim."

Qhov no yog qhov kev lom zem pib. Lub Tebchaws Bosporan, raws li keeb kwm canonical, tsim los ntawm Greek cov neeg nyob hauv, muaj nyob hauv Crimea thiab ntawm Taman Peninsula los ntawm 480 BC. mus rau xyoo pua 4th. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua X, nws tsis paub los ntawm qhov twg Tmutarakan principality tshwm, qhov twg Lavxias teb sab princes kav, uas kuj mysteriously disappears los ntawm cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv lub XII caug xyoo. Muaj tseeb tiag, lub peev ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm no, raws li cov lus piav qhia, tsis yog nyob rau hauv Crimean ceg av qab teb hauv Panticapaeum, tab sis nyob rau sab nraud ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Kerch Strait ntawm Taman Peninsula.

Nov yog yam uas tus neeg paub txog keeb kwm Lavxias teb sab anti-Normanist ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th D. Ilovaisky sau txog qhov no: "Nyob rau xyoo pua 4th raws li R. Chr. cov xov xwm ntawm lub nceeg vaj ywj pheej Bosporan uas muaj nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm Kerch Strait yuav luag tas; thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th, nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, raws li peb cov keeb kwm, yog Lavxias teb sab Tmutrakan principality. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb no los ntawm qhov twg, thiab txoj hmoo ntawm thaj av Bosporus yog dab tsi thaum lub sij hawm uas embraces tsib los sis rau centuries? Txog tam sim no, yuav luag tsis muaj lus teb rau cov lus nug no."

Hais txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub nceeg vaj Bosporus, Ilovaisky sau tseg: "Los ntawm txhua qhov kev qhia, thaj av uas cov neeg Greek nyob hauv tsev tau muab rau lawv los ntawm cov neeg Scythians rau qee tus nqi lossis rau ib xyoos ib zaug." Nws ntseeg hais tias cov Scythians tsim ib tug loj heev ceg ntawm Indo-European tsev neeg ntawm cov neeg, uas yog lub German-Slavic-Lithuanian ceg. Ilovaisky hu lub txaj ntawm cov neeg Scythian tsim nyog lub teb chaws irrigated los ntawm cov dej, paub nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Oxus thiab Yaksart (tam sim no Amu-Darya thiab Syr-Darya). Peb yuav tsis tsa kev sib tham txog lub ntsiab lus no, tam sim no nws tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau peb, tab sis qhov kev xav ntawm Amu thiab Syr Darya yog qhov nthuav.

Yog li ntawd, peb maj mam tsiv mus rau lub sijhawm qub. Yog li cia peb tham me ntsis txog cov cim uas yog legendary es tsis yog keeb kwm, txawm hais tias qee zaum cov dab neeg thiab cov dab neeg tuaj yeem qhia tsis tsawg dua li keeb kwm keeb kwm. Qee zaum, qhov no yuav coj peb mus deb ntawm lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm peb zaj dab neeg, tab sis tsawg heev.

Ua ntej, cia peb tham txog Amazons. "Zoo, Amazons tau ua dab tsi nrog nws?" - koj nug. Tab sis ntawm dab tsi. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Amazons nrog cov griffins yog fashionable nyob rau hauv Crimea thaum lub sij hawm ntawd. Qhov no zajlus yog heev heev nyob rau hauv lub thiaj li hu. lig Bosporus peliks pom nyob rau sab qaum teb Hiav Txwv Dub.

Ilovaisky sau tias: "Cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab tias Caucasian thaj av nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm tau revered li lub teb chaws ntawm lub Amazons … cov neeg (Savromats) twb paub rau lawv cov poj niam zoo li tsov rog, thiab, raws li ancients, originated los ntawm cov Scythians. uas tau ua ke nrog Amazons. " Ilovaisky hu lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm Savromats dab neeg, tab sis peb yuav tsis tsis lees paub qhov no, vim peb tab tom tham txog mythological thiab legendary deeds.

Lavxias teb sab historian ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th V. N. Tatishchev mus txog cov lus nug ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm Amazons thiab … cov Amazons tiag tiag thiab, xa mus rau Greek sau ntawv, tshaj tawm: "Muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Amazon Slavs."

M. V. Lomonosov, hais txog Herodotus thiab Pliny, kuj hais txog cov neeg ntawm Amazons: “Cov Amazons lossis Alazones yog cov neeg Slavic, hauv Greek txhais tau tias samokhvalov; Nws yog tseeb hais tias lub npe no yog ib tug txhais lus ntawm cov Slavs, uas yog lub npe nrov, los ntawm Slavic mus rau Greek."

Cia peb tso tseg rau lub sijhawm ntawd, raws li cov lus dab neeg, Amazons tau koom nrog Trojan War.

Cov duab ntawm xws li ib tug ua cim nyob rau hauv ancient Greek mythology li Apollo kuj yog nyob ze nrog rau sab qaum teb Dub hiav txwv cheeb tsam.

Raws li cov lus dab neeg, Apollo nyob hauv Delphi, thiab ib zaug hauv kaum cuaj xyoo nws ya mus rau sab qaum teb, mus rau nws lub tebchaws Hyperborea. Qee qhov chaw hais tias nws ya mus rau hauv lub tsheb sib tw uas tau kos los ntawm cov swans dawb, lwm tus tshaj tawm tias nws ya mus rau griffins. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub, qhov thib ob version tau kov yeej, uas tau lees paub los ntawm archaeological pom, piv txwv li, qhov liab-daim duab kilik ntawm lub xyoo pua 4 BC, pom nyob rau hauv Panskoye necropolis.

Raws li Ilovaisky tau hais tias: "Nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas nrog kev kos duab, Scythian lub hwj chim tau tshwm sim, tau kawg, hauv kev ntseeg. Yog li ntawm lub ntsiab deities pe hawm los ntawm Bosporan Greeks yog Apollo thiab Artemis, uas yog, lub hnub thiab lub hli … ". Tam sim no nws yog qhov tsim nyog los kos koj cov xim rau qhov tseeb tias Ilovaisky feem ntau hais txog kev tsov rog ntawm Bosporians thiab Tavro Scythians. Nws kuj tseem hais txog cov lus ntawm Byzantine historian ntawm lub xyoo pua 10th Leo tus Deacon uas nyob rau hauv lawv hom lus Tavro-Scythians hu lawv tus kheej Ros. Raws li qhov no, ntau tus neeg keeb kwm, suav nrog Ilovaisky, ntaus nqi Tavro-Scythians rau Rus.

Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev pe hawm ntawm Apollo los ntawm Bosporans raws li lub ntsiab deity yog ob npaug nthuav nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm ancient sau phau ntawv hais txog kev pe hawm Apollo los ntawm Hyperboreans. “Lawv (cov Hyperboreans) lawv tus kheej zoo li qee yam ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm Apollo” (Diodorus); "Lawv muaj kev cai xa thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau Delos rau Apollo, uas lawv hwm tshwj xeeb tshaj yog" (Pliny). "Cov haiv neeg ntawm Hyperboreans thiab lawv veneration ntawm Apollo yog qhuas tsis tsuas yog los ntawm kws sau paj lug, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov kws sau ntawv" (Elian).

Yog li, ntawm Bosporians thiab Hyperboreans, Apollo tau hwm los ua Vajtswv lub ntsiab. Yog tias peb txheeb xyuas Tavro-Scythians-Ros nrog cov Rus, ces nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov tias tus vajtswv twg ntawm Rus sib raug rau Apollo. Yog lawm - Dazhbog. Divine "kev ua haujlwm" ntawm Apollo thiab Dazhbog zoo sib xws. B. A. Rybakov nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "Paganism ntawm lub Ancient Slavs" sau hais tias lub Slavic pagan hnub ci deity coj mus rau Apollo yog Dazhbog. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov ntaub ntawv uas Dazhbog kuj ya ntawm griffins. Piv txwv li, ntawm no medallion, uas tau pom thaum lub sij hawm excavations nyob rau hauv Old Ryazan, tus cwj pwm tsis yog ua nyob rau hauv Greek yam txhua.

Yog tias peb nco qab tias, raws li Diodorus, cov Hyperboreans "yog, zoo li nws yog, qee yam ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm Apollo," Bosporan veneration ntawm Apollo yog ib qho ntawm cov vajtswv loj tshaj plaws thiab cov lus dab neeg ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Rus los ntawm Dazhbog, ces. Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev tsis ntseeg ntawm cov keeb kwm canonical cuam tshuam nrog Hyperborea thiab kev xav ntawm Herodotus tias Hyperboreans nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Scythians, nws muaj peev xwm muaj kev ntseeg siab ncaj ncees los hais txog haiv neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg: Hyperboreans, Rus, Tavro Scythians, Bosporians..

"Tab sis cov Bosporians koom nrog Greeks thiab lawv tau muaj kev tsov rog nrog Tavro-Scythians," koj hais. Yog lawm. Thiab nyob rau hauv Russia, Moscow, piv txwv li, tsis yog tsov rog nrog Tver los yog Ryazan nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm? Muscovites, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tau los ua Mongols los ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg. "Tab sis li cas txog hom lus, txhua hom ntawv sau hauv Greek," koj tawm tsam. Thiab thaum cov nom tswv Lavxias yuav luag thoob ntiaj teb sib txuas lus thiab sau ua lus Fab Kis, peb puas yog Fab Kis? Thiab tam sim no, thaum nruab nrab Lavxias teb sab sau cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, rau Lithuanians (uas yog Slavs, los ntawm txoj kev) nws siv hom lus dab tsi: Lavxias, Lithuanian lossis Askiv? Cov lus Greek, kuv ntseeg, thaum ntawd yog ib hom lus ntawm kev sib txuas lus thoob ntiaj teb. Thiab nws yuav tsis tsim nyog tsis lees paub tias muaj Greek diaspora nyob rau hauv Crimea thaum lub sijhawm ntawd (tsuas yog lo lus nug yog leej twg yog txhais los ntawm Greeks, thiab qhov no yog kev sib tham sib cais). Tab sis qhov tseeb tias Dazhbog tuaj yeem tau qiv los ntawm Greeks raws li lub npe Apollo tuaj yeem xav tau. Apollo yog ib tug vajtswv txawv teb chaws los ntawm Greeks.

Soviet keeb kwm kev tshawb fawb tau hais txog lub pre-Greek (nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus - tsis yog Greek) keeb kwm ntawm Apollo, tab sis hu ua nws lub teb chaws ntawm Asia Minor, thov rau lub fact tias nyob rau hauv lub Trojan tsov rog nws yog nyob rau sab ntawm lub Trojans ("Myths). of the Nations of the World" vol. 1, ed. Los ntawm S. Tokarev, -M.: Soviet encyclopedia, 1982, page 94.).

Ntawm no nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog lwm tus cwj pwm ntawm Iliad thiab, raws li, tus neeg koom nrog Trojan War, Achilles. Txawm hais tias nws tsis ya rau vultures, nws ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau sab qaum teb Hiav Txwv Dub.

Yog li Kinburn Spit, uas nyob rau hauv lub Dnieper estuary los ntawm sab qab teb, tau hu los ntawm Greeks "Khiav ntawm Achilles", thiab cov lus dab neeg hais tias Achilles ua nws thawj gymnastic feats nyob rau hauv lub ceg av qab teb.

Leo tus Deacon muab cov ntaub ntawv, uas nyob rau hauv lem yog qhia los ntawm Arrian nyob rau hauv nws "Poj Qhia ntawm Seashore". Raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, Achilles yog ib tug Tavro-Scythian thiab tuaj ntawm ib lub zos hu ua Mirmikon, nyob ze ntawm Lake Meotius (Hiav txwv ntawm Azov). Raws li cov cim qhia ntawm nws lub hauv paus chiv keeb Tavro-Scythian, nws taw qhia rau cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no nrog rau Russia: kev txiav lub tsho nrog lub buckle, tus cwj pwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ko taw, plaub hau xim av, lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag, lub siab tawv thiab lub siab phem..

Ancient qhov chaw echo lub archaeological pom ntawm peb lub sij hawm. Hauv Nikopol (qhov no tsis yog deb ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia) thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2007, qhov faus ntawm tus tub rog Scythian nrog rau qhov tsis sib xws ntawm kev tuag tau pom. Miroslav Zhukovsky (tus thawj coj ntawm Nikopol State Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Lub Zos Hauv Zos) tau piav qhia txog qhov kev faus no hauv qab no: "Qhov no yog qhov kev faus me me ntawm Scythian era, nws muaj ntau tshaj li ob txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub talus calcaneus ntawm ib tug ntawm cov skeletons, peb pom lub ntsis ntawm ib tug bronze xub daig. Xws li kev raug mob yog qhov tuag taus, txij li cov leeg sab nraud thiab sab hauv plantar, nrog rau cov leeg me me, dhau mus rau hauv qhov chaw no. Qhov ntawd yog, tus tub rog, feem ntau yuav, los ntshav tawm."

Ilovaisky sau hais tias nyob rau hauv Olbia (ib tug Greek colony nyob rau hauv lub shores ntawm lub tam sim no Dnieper Bay) muaj ob peb lub tuam tsev rau Achilles, piv txwv li, nyob rau Islands tuaj ntawm Serpentine (ntawm cov Greeks - Levka) thiab Berezan (ntawm cov Greeks - Boristenis).).

Ntawm no peb pom yuav ua li cas, dhau sij hawm, nkag mus rau cov lus dab neeg, cov neeg tseem ceeb lossis tus phab ej tuaj yeem pib pe hawm Vajtswv (ib phau ntawv piv txwv yog Hercules). Tsis zoo li Hercules, Achilles tsis nyob hauv Olympic pantheon. Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm nws cov keeb kwm tsis yog hauv zos. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Olbia tau pom meej tias tsis muaj kev ntxub ntxaug rau Tauroscythians. Nws yog nthuav tias Serpents' Island, nyob ze ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub Danube, tsiv tawm ntawm lub Ottoman (Ottoman) Empire mus rau Lavxias teb sab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1829. Tab sis twb nyob rau hauv 1841, cov blocks loj uas tsim lub hauv paus ntawm lub tuam tsev ntawm Achilles tau khawb tawm hauv av, thiab cornices raug smashed rau hauv pieces. Cov ntaub ntawv uas tseem tshuav ntawm lub tuam tsev uas raug puas tsuaj tau raug siv los ua lub Tsev Pheebsuab Serpent Lighthouse. "Qhov kev ua phem no," sau rau xyoo 19th historian N. Murzakevich, "tau ua txhaum nrog kev mob siab rau tias tsis muaj pob zeb unturned ntawm lub tuam tsev Achilles."

Cov tuam tsev tau mob siab rau Dazhbog-Apollo thiab Achilles, ob leeg ntawm lawv, ib txoj hauv kev los yog lwm qhov, tau koom nrog Trojan Tsov Rog, tab sis ntawm ntau sab. Ob leeg yog los ntawm Hyperborea-Scythia. Nws yog lub sijhawm kom nco qab cov lus dab neeg hais tias Amazons (lossis Amazons-Alazons?) Leej twg nyob hauv tib qhov chaw kuj tau koom nrog Trojan War. Apolloodorus (2nd century BC) hu ua Trojans barbarians uas pe hawm Apollo. Cov. Apollo ntawm Trojans yog ib qho ntawm cov vajtswv tseem ceeb, zoo li ntawm Bosporians thiab Hyperboreans, lossis zoo li Dazhbog ntawm cov Russians. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 19th, Yegor Klassen, tom qab ua ib qho kev tshawb fawb loj, tau sau tias: "Troy thiab Russia tau nyob tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tib neeg, tab sis kuj los ntawm ib pab pawg neeg; … yog li ntawd, Rus yog haiv neeg lub npe ntawm cov neeg uas nyob hauv Troy." Puas yog Troy Schliemann nrhiav hauv Asia Minor?

Yog hais tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account tag nrho cov uas tau hais los saum no, Lay ntawm Igor lub phiaj los nqis tes yuav suab txawv heev:

"Kev chim siab tshwm sim hauv lub zog ntawm Dazhbozh tus tub xeeb ntxwv, nkag mus rau hauv thaj av ntawm Troyan raws li ib tug nkauj xwb, splashed zoo li swan tis ntawm lub hiav txwv xiav nyob ze ntawm lub Don …".

Kev hloov pauv ntawm tus phab ej rau hauv vajtswv yog lees paub los ntawm lwm qhov piv txwv. Cia peb hais, nrog qee cov ntawv luv luv, ib qho excerpt los ntawm phau ntawv Czech historian P. Shafarik "Slavic Antiquities" (los ntawm O. Bodyansky):

"Tus kws sau ntawv ntawm XIII xyoo pua, Snoro Sturleson (tuag 1241), sau nws, paub los ntawm lub npe Neimkringla, keeb kwm ntawm cov vajntxwv Scandinavian thaum ub, yuav luag tib lub tebchaws thiab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm keeb kwm Scandinavian thaum ub. "Los ntawm lub roob," nws pib, "nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ces kaum ntawm lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub North, ntws, tsis deb ntawm lub teb chaws Swithiot mikla, uas yog, tus yawm Scythia, tus dej Tanais, paub nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm raws li lub npe ntawm Tanaguisl thiab Wanaguisl, thiab ntws mus rau sab qab teb mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub. Lub teb chaws dotted thiab irrigated los ntawm ceg ntawm tus dej no hu ua Wanaland los yog Wanaheim. Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm tus dej Tanais yog thaj av ntawm Asaland, uas nws lub nroog loj, hu ua Asgard, yog lub tuam tsev nto moo tshaj plaws. Odin kav hauv lub nroog no. Kev zoo siab tsis hloov pauv nrog Odin hauv tag nrho nws txoj kev ua tub rog, uas nws siv xyoo tas los, thaum nws cov kwv tij kav lub nceeg vaj. Nws cov tub rog suav hais tias nws yog invincible, thiab ntau lub teb chaws xa mus rau nws lub hwj chim. Ib tug, pom hais tias nws cov xeeb ntxwv tau destined mus nyob rau hauv lub Nordic lub teb chaws, muab nws ob tug kwv tij Be thiab Vila, tus thawj coj ntawm Asgard, thiab nws, nrog nws Diyars thiab ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg, tawm mus rau sab hnub poob mus rau lub teb chaws. Gardarik, ces nqes mus rau sab qab teb, mus rau lub teb chaws ntawm Sasov, thiab los ntawm qhov ntawd, thaum kawg, mus rau Scandinavia."

Cov lus dab neeg no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau peb cov kev tshawb fawb, tab sis nws zoo li nthuav rau kuv. Tom qab tag nrho, Tanais (Don) yog txoj kev ncaj qha mus rau Lake Meotian (Hiav txwv ntawm Azov), thiab mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Don, raws li cov lus dab neeg, yog lub nroog ntawm Odin - Asgard. Nws hloov tawm hais tias cov Swedes kuj yog los ntawm peb, los ntawm tartars.

Yuav ua li cas peb yuav tham txog cov Swedes nyias, qhov no kuj yog ib lub ntsiab lus nthuav heev, tab sis tam sim no peb yuav rov qab mus rau Greeks dua thiab tsiv tawm ntawm thaj chaw mythological mus rau thaj chaw keeb kwm ntau dua los yog tsawg dua.

Cia peb nco ntsoov lub bas-relief nrog griffins ntawm Dmitrievsky Cathedral nyob rau hauv Vladimir, uas yog hu ua "Lub Ascension ntawm Alexander lub Great."

Tam sim no cia saib ob peb daim duab ntawm lub tais nyiaj nrog tib zaj dab neeg thiab lub npe. Los ntawm txoj kev, ua li cas koj nyiam cov bearded Macedonian?

Thiab tam sim no rau lub medallion ntawm tib cov ntsiab lus, pom nyob rau hauv lub Crimea, thiab ib tug 12th caug xyoo diadem los ntawm Sakhnovka (Ukraine). Thiab qhov kev hwm no rau Macedonian tuaj qhov twg?

Yeej, cov duab ntawm "ascension" xa mus rau X-XIII centuries raws li canonical chronology.

Txhawm rau sib cav txog kev siv cov duab zoo li no ntawm Alexander, tshwj xeeb, ntawm cov tuam tsev kev cai dab qhuas, nws qhov chaw zoo nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tej zaum tsis muaj tseeb (txawm hais tias muaj kev ncaj ncees pom).

Thov nco ntsoov tias feem ntau ntawm cov scenes ntawm "ascension ntawm Alexander" yog ua raws li ib co canons tau tsim rau cov duab - txoj hauj lwm ntawm tes, scepter-wands, thiab lwm yam. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau kev piav qhia ntawm "Macedonian" yog tib yam li feem ntau raug rau cov duab ntawm kev ntseeg ntuj (xws li cov cim, piv txwv).

Txawv teb chaws kev zoo siab scenes zoo ib yam.

Yog hais tias peb xav hais tias ya ntawm griffins yog ib tug cwj pwm ntawm Dazhbog-Apollo, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xav hais tias nws cult tseem muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawd thiab tshem tawm cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov ntseeg Vajtswv, cov duab ntawm no deity tau renamed mus rau hauv ntau harmless Macedonian. Thiab zaj dab neeg ntawm Alexander lub nce mus rau lub siab khi rau sticks, uas nws lured griffins (raws li rau lwm version ntawm loj dawb noog - tej zaum swans?), yuav yog ib tug tom qab ntxig, sau ntawv mus rau divert lub qhov muag. Lwm qhov yog tias Alexander tuaj yeem ua tus qauv zoo ntawm tus vajtswv no. Yog tias peb nco qab cov lus dab neeg hais txog tus khub ntawm Macedonian Antyuria, "tus yawgkoob" ntawm Baltic Slavs, ces qhov kev xav no tsis zoo li zoo heev. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li cov version hais txog kev zais ntawm Dazhbog li Macedonian kuj tsim nyog tau txais kev mloog ntau.

Piv txwv li, lub wands ntawm "Alexander" nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov duab rov qab wand ntawm ib tug vajtswv Slavic ntawm ib txoj siv quav ciab los ntawm Mikulchits hnub tim mus rau lub xyoo pua 9: ib tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws ntev tsa ib tug turium horn nrog nws sab laug tes, thiab nyob rau hauv nws. sab tes xis tuav tib yam luv luv rauj-zoo li tus wand.

Ntawm no yog qhov B. A. Rybakov (uas, los ntawm txoj kev, sib txuas cov duab ntawm Dazhbog thiab Alexander) nyob rau hauv nws txoj hauj lwm "Pagan Symbolism ntawm Lavxias teb sab Jewelry ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th": "Nyob rau hauv no chronological lub sij hawm ntawm lub 10th thiab 13th centuries, peb yuav ntsib ntau griffins thiab. simargles ntawm kolts, ntawm cov nyiaj bracelets, ntawm ib tug princely kaus mom hlau, nyob rau hauv lub pob txha lub thawv, nyob rau hauv dawb-pob zeb carvings ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal architecture thiab cov vuas los ntawm Galich. Rau peb lub ntsiab lus, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los tsim kom muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm ntau cov duab no - puas yog lawv tsuas yog khoom plig rau European-Asian zam (muaj cov griffins zoo nkauj ntawm cov ntaub tuaj txawv teb chaws), los yog qee qhov pagan dawb huv lub ntsiab lus tseem kos rau hauv cov qub qub. "Aub ntawm Zeus"? Tom qab kawm tag nrho cov evolution ntawm Lavxias teb sab siv kos duab ntawm lub 11th - 13th centuries. Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no yuav ua kom meej meej ntawm nws tus kheej: los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub pre-Mongol lub sij hawm, tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lawv cov ntsiab lus pagan cov khoom ntawm cov khaub ncaws rau cov ntxhais huabtais thiab boyars yog maj mam muab txoj kev mus rau tej yam uas cov ntseeg ntshiab. Es tsis txhob mermaids-sirins thiab turi horns, es tsis txhob ntawm tsob ntoo ntawm lub neej thiab noog, es tsis txhob griffins, lawv tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub 12th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. cov duab ntawm Saints Boris thiab Gleb los yog Yexus Khetos."

Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm B. A. Rybakov tuaj yeem pom tias thaum pib ntawm XIII xyoo pua. Cov duab ntawm Yexus Khetos hloov tsis yog Alexander lub Great, tab sis Dazhbog.

Yog vim li cas kev pe hawm ntawm Dazhbog ya ntawm griffins kav ntev li ntawd nyuaj hais. Tej zaum Dazhbog, raws li tus vaj tswv ntawm lub hnub, fertility, lub hwj chim muab lub neej, yog ib tug tseem ceeb deity rau cov neeg thiab cov ntseeg Vajtswv yuav nrhiav tsis tau ib tug tsim nyog hloov rau nws nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib co neeg dawb huv (piv txwv li, Perun thiab Ilya tus Yaj Saub., Lada thiab St. Praskovya, thiab lwm yam..). Tej zaum vim yog lub fact tias nws yog Dazhbog uas yog suav hais tias yog tus legendary progenitor ntawm Rus, los yog tej zaum yog vim li cas. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej ntawm "ascension" pom txawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 15th Tver npib.

Kev tawm tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab qub txeeg qub tes tuaj yeem taug qab hauv lwm cov lus qhia thiab. Yog li ntawd muaj pov thawj ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov tsos ntawm pawg ntseeg. Cov tub ceev xwm hais tias qhov no yog vim qhov xav tau los ntxiv dag zog rau cov tsev, tab sis kev zais ntawm cov facades tom qab masonry kuj tuaj yeem yog qhov zoo nkauj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Moscow, nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin, nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa ntawm lub Annunciation Cathedral, muaj ib tug seem uas, pom tau hais tias, ib tug kab noj hniav tau qhib thaum lub sij hawm rov kho dua. Nyob ntawd koj tuaj yeem pom lub peev ntawm kem zoo ib yam li lub peev los ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nto moo 12th-xyoo pua ntawm Intercession-on-Nerl (cov griffins uas tau muab rau hauv peb txoj kev kawm), qhov no yuav qhia tau tias yav dhau los Cathedral ntawm Annunciation. yog nws kawm. Lub keeb kwm canonical ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm Cathedral ntawm Annunciation hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo pua 15th, thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, raws li lub official version, lub heev reconstruction coj qhov chaw uas nkaum nws facade. Tab sis lub xyoo pua 15th nyob deb ntawm XI-XIII, thaum lub simargly, griffins thiab Dazhbog tau piav qhia dav heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau hais tias nyob rau xyoo pua 15th Annunciation Cathedral tau ua rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj ua ntej. Tej zaum nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 15th nws kuj tau reconstructed, thiab muaj pes tsawg lub tsev teev ntuj tseem nkaum yav dhau los ntawm peb Motherland los ntawm peb?

Tab sis kuv xav tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm tshem tawm lub lig masonry thiab tev tawm lub plaster. Piv txwv li, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Pskov Kremlin, txoj hmoo ntawm lub Koom Txoos Achilles nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th tau tshwm sim rau lub npe. Dovmont nroog, uas suav nrog tag nrho cov tuam tsev tshwj xeeb ntawm XII-XIV centuries. Thaum lub sij hawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Loj, Peter kuv tau teeb tsa lub roj teeb phom loj hauv nroog Dovmont, vim tias qee lub tsev teev ntuj raug rhuav tshem, thiab qee qhov uas tseem tshuav raug kaw thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv riam phom, nkoj rigging, thiab lwm yam., uas thaum kawg ua rau lawv puas tsuaj. Kuv tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis hais los ntawm ib tsab xov xwm hais txog Dovmont lub nroog ib nqe lus los ntawm kab lus uas ua raws cov lus hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tuam tsev thaum ub: “Txawm li cas los xij, nws (Peter kuv - kuv daim ntawv) kuj nyiam tsim. Txawm tias thaum pib ntawm peb caug xyoo, nyob rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm Dovmont lub zos, nyob ze ntawm Smerdya ntauwd ntawm Krom (renamed Dovmontova), muaj ib lub vaj cog los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Peter lub Great."

Yog li ntawd, nws thiaj rhuav tshem tej tuam tsev thiab cog ib lub vaj. Raws li lawv hais, cov lus teb yog superfluous.

Peb tau nthuav tawm nrog ib qho version uas qhia txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm Dovmont lub nroog los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tiv thaiv, uas tsis suav nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, ntxiv rau cov tub rog, Petus tseem muaj zog heev los daws cov teeb meem kev ntseeg. Nyob rau hauv tshooj kuv ntawm "Antiquities ntawm Lavxias teb sab State" (1849) nws yog hais tias los ntawm ib tug kev txiav txim ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 24, 1722 nws "hais kom tshem tawm cov pendants ntawm lub icons thiab xa lawv mus rau tus Vaj Ntsuj Synod rau tsom xam," dab tsi. Nws yog qhov qub thiab xav paub hauv lawv. " me ntsis ua ntej lub Plaub Hlis 12, tab sis kuj tau mob siab rau cov lus nug ntawm txoj kev ntseeg, Peter tau sau tias: "Kev cai ntawm kev teeb tsa cov duab kos tsis zoo ntawm cov cim tau nkag mus rau Russia los ntawm cov neeg tsis ntseeg, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog los ntawm cov neeg Loos thiab Poles uas yog. txawv teb chaws rau peb." Ntxiv rau hauv "Antiquities" peb nyeem: "Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj txoj cai, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm tib lub xyoo Lub kaum hli ntuj 11, nws yog txwv tsis pub" siv carved thiab cam khwb cia icons nyob rau hauv lub tsev teev ntuj, tshwj tsis yog rau Crucifixes, txawj carved, thiab nyob rau hauv tsev, tshwj tsis yog rau me me hla thiab panagias”. Nco ntsoov, nyob rau hauv "Antiquities" nws yog hais txog peb nyob rau hauv 9 lub hlis, tab sis kuv xav tias tsis yog tag nrho cov decrees txog kev kho ntawm "immoderation" nyob rau hauv kev cai dab qhuas cim.

Yog li tej zaum, tau tshuaj xyuas cov tsev teev ntuj ntawm Dovmont lub nroog, Petus pom tias lawv yog "laus thiab xav paub", tias nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua li qub qub, thiab yog vim li cas nws rhuav tshem cov tuam tsev tshwj xeeb?

Yog li, nws tuaj yeem xav tias nyob rau hauv X-XIII centuries (raws li canonical chronology) pagan kab lig kev cai tseem muaj zog heev nyob rau hauv Russia thiab pe hawm, tshwj xeeb, ntawm Dazhbog txuas ntxiv. Tej zaum nws yog, yog li hais, pagan Christianity lossis kev ntseeg dual, raws li nws tau hu ua lwm yam kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws. Cov ntseeg Vajtswv tiag tiag tau muaj zog, pom tau tias tsis ntxov dua li XIV-XV centuries thiab maj mam hloov kev pe hawm Dazhbog, uas kuj ua rau ploj ntawm griffins raws li tus cwj pwm ntawm no deity. Nyob rau hauv Little Tartary, uas suav nrog Crimea, kev lig kev cai ntawm lub cim, thiab tejzaum nws dawb huv, cov duab ntawm griffins, raws li tau hais los saum no, kav mus txog rau lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th.

Peb yuav tsis rov qab mus rau "Greek" Alexander lub Great. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws txoj kev mus rau Scythia-Tartaria-Russia, nws raug kaw ntawm cov neeg Gog thiab Magog, nrog rau kev sib tham ntawm Macedonian tsab ntawv rau cov Slavs thiab nws cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm Amur los ntawm S. Remezov daim duab qhia chaw ntawm Siberia thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, txawm hais tias nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm tus thawj coj nrog keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws tab sis mus dhau kev tshawb fawb ntawm tus chij griffin. Nws yog ib lub ntsiab lus rau kev ua haujlwm sib cais.

Xaus kev sib tham txog peb cov poj koob yawm txwv los ntawm sab qaum teb Hiav Txwv Dub thiab lawv cov kev sib txuas nrog "Greek", ib tus tuaj yeem nco qab txog dab neeg ntawm Argonauts thiab lawv txoj kev mus rau Golden Fleece, txij li thaum Golden pectoral nrog griffins los ntawm Scythian "Tolstoy Kurgan. “Muaj ib zaj dab neeg txog yaj daim tawv nqaij. Tej zaum Jason tau caij nkoj mus rau Scythians. Tib lo lus nug yog qhov twg.

Thiab kom xaus lub ntsiab lus ntawm "Greeks", koj tuaj yeem hais los ntawm phau ntawv keeb kwm German Fallmerayer "History of the Morea Peninsula nyob rau Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog", luam tawm xyoo 1830: "Scythian Slavs, Illyrian Arnauts, cov menyuam ntawm ib tag hmo lub teb chaws, Cov neeg txheeb ze ntawm Serbs thiab Bulgarians, Dalmatians thiab Muscovites, - saib seb, cov neeg uas tam sim no peb hu ua Greeks thiab nws cov caj ces, rau lawv tus kheej xav tsis thoob, peb taug qab mus rau Pericles thiab Philopemenos …"

Tej zaum cov kab lus no tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus, tab sis qhov ntau tag nrho cov mosaic ntawm keeb kwm inconsistencies raug tsim, ntau cov lus nug raug tsa los ntawm tib lub qub "Greeks". Qhov tseeb, puas muaj ib tug tub?

Tartary twb paub meej tias muaj tsawg kawg yog Me. Thiab yog tias peb tab tom taug kev mus rau txoj hauv kev zoo hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, ces, pom tseeb, lub nceeg vaj Bosporus, Tmutarakan tus thawj tswj hwm, Me Tartary, yog ib qho ntawm cov twigs tom peb mus rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau los, tsuas yog mus rau qhov tseeb, thiab tsis yog qhov tseeb..

Yog li, dab tsi griffin qhia peb los ntawm tus chij ntawm Caesar ntawm Tatar:

1. Vulture (griffin, mane, diva, ceg, nogai) yog lub cim qub tshaj plaws uas tsis yog qiv rau thaj chaw ntawm Scythia (Great Tartary, Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, USSR). Lub cim no tuaj yeem sib koom ua ke thiab dawb ceev rau cov Slavic, Turkic, Ugric thiab lwm tus neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw loj ntawm Tebchaws Europe mus rau Dej Hiav Txwv Pacific.

2. Nyob rau hauv Muscovy, cov nom thiab niaj hnub cov cim ntawm griffin tau maj mam tshem tawm ntawm lub neej txhua hnub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog los rau lub hwj chim ntawm Romanov dynasty, thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, nrog rau thaum pib ntawm lub reign ntawm Peter kuv, nws yog tiag tiag. consigned rau oblivion. Nws tshwm sim dua tau qiv nyob rau hauv Western European daim ntawv ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm Romanovs, uas tsuas yog pom zoo los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 8, 1856. Qhov ploj ntawm cov dluab ntawm griffin nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas Islam kis tau thiab ntxiv dag zog rau tsis tuaj yeem hais txog.

3. Cov duab ntawm griffin, raws li ib tug cwj pwm ntawm Dazhbog-Apollo, kuj tau siv rau cult lub hom phiaj, tab sis nrog rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov ntseeg Vajtswv thiab Islam, nws tshuav kev cai dab qhuas rituals.

4. Bosporus kingdom (Tmutarakan principality, Perekop kingdom) - ib lub qhov rooj rau peb antiquity, tejzaum nws walled los ntawm canonical keeb kwm.

5. Tom qab lub conquest ntawm Crimea los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws, ib yam ntawm cov kab lis kev cai genocide tau ua nyob rau hauv relation mus rau nws cov indigenous Christian (Lavxias teb sab) cov pej xeem los ntawm nws rhais chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav rhuav tshem cov neeg lub cim xeeb ntawm lub ancient sij hawm ntawm peb Fatherland..

6. Nyob rau hauv lub 18th-19th centuries, nom tswv nom tswv ntawm lub dynasty ntawm Romanovs, nrog tus kheej kev koom tes ntawm "cov neeg siab tshaj" (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub nroog Dovmont, qhov no tsis xav tau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj), puas tsawg kawg yog ob. complexes ntawm monuments ntawm lub ntiaj teb no tseem ceeb, uas ua rau irreparable puas tsuaj rau domestic thiab ntiaj teb no kab lis kev cai thiab peb to taub txog peb yav dhau los.

7. Nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntawm peb kev tshawb fawb, nws yog tsim nyog los kawm nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub Crimean Khanate (lub Perekop lub nceeg vaj) thiab lub teb chaws Ottoman, uas yog nws cov phooj ywg.

8. Tej zaum qhov kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav mus yooj yim dua, raws li kuv xav ntseeg tias tsawg kawg yog ib qho piv txwv hauv keeb kwm Lavxias tau pom pom.