Ukrainization ntawm Little Russia

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Kev faib thiab kev tswj hwm (lat. Divide et impera) yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub xeev lub hwj chim, uas feem ntau yog siv los ntawm tsoomfwv ntawm lub xeev uas muaj ntau qhov sib txawv, thiab, raws li qhov, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tswj hwm lub xeev no yog incite thiab. siv enmity ntawm nws qhov chaw.

Hauv kev txiav txim siab dav dav, ib qho kev tawm tsam (feem ntau zais) ntawm kev tsim, ntxiv dag zog thiab siv kev tsis sib haum xeeb, kev sib txawv lossis kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm ob lossis ntau pawg los tswj lawv. Feem ntau siv los ntawm cov haiv neeg tsawg tsawg los txiav txim rau feem coob.

Nyob rau thaj chaw uas lub "lub hwj chim ntawm Ukraine" nyob rau niaj hnub no, lub ntsiab lus thiab ancient lus yog Lavxias teb sab. Nws yog hom lus no uas yog lub xeev cov lus hauv Kievan Rus. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 12th, nyob rau hauv Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Bygone Xyoo, tus yawg Nestor tau sau tias: "Cov lus Slovenian thiab Lavxias yog ib qho." "Lavxias teb sab qhov tseeb", "Tus Lay ntawm Igor lub Regiment" thiab lwm yam monuments ntawm lub Kiev lub sij hawm yog sau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo 1818 uas thawj "Cov Lus Txhais ntawm Cov Lus Mev Lavxias" tau tshwm sim. Nws tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg los ntawm Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb A. Pavlovsky. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tsis muaj leej twg txawm tham txog "Ukrainian" lus. Vim tias tsis muaj "Ukrainians". Muaj Me Me Russia. "Me" - qhov no txhais tau tias primordial Russia, los ntawm qhov twg, raws li lub chronicler, "yog Lavxias teb sab av." Bogdan Khmelnitsky hu ua Cossacks "cov neeg Lavxias", thiab N. V. Gogol sau tias: "Ua Vajtswv tsaug uas peb yog Russians." Txawm li cas los xij, kev nom kev tswv cuam tshuam rau txoj hmoo ntawm Me Me Russia.

Nyob rau hauv 1922, los ntawm ib tug decree ntawm lub Bolsheviks Skrypnik thiab Gunko, lo lus Little Russia tau hloov los ntawm lo lus Ukraine, thiab Lavxias teb sab lus los ua Ukrainian. Raws li niaj hnub sau ntawv Sidorenko sau: "Lo lus" Ukrainian "tsis paub nyob rau hauv Russia. Thaum lub Bolsheviks pib yuam nws rau cov pej xeem, cov me Russians nug ib leeg nyob qhov twg thiab dab tsi peb nyiag?" Nws yog Bolsheviks uas tsim cov huab hwm coj "Ukrainian" raws li ib qho kev sib raug zoo nyob ze rau tog, raws li ib tug lwm txoj kev rhuav tshem lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntiaj teb no. Nws tsis yog tsis muaj laj thawj tias ntau tus duab ntawm "Ukrainians" tau lees paub tias Soviet "Ukrainian" txoj haujlwm tau cuam tshuam txog qhov lawv tau ua. "Ukrainian" nationalism thiab Soviet "Ukrainization" ua ib yam - de-Russification.

Little Russia, 1918. Cov tub rog ntawm cov tub rog ua haujlwm German tau dai ib tus neeg nyob hauv zos vim tsis kam hloov mus rau Ukraine.

Kev thov rov hais dua ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm RSFSR hnub tim 4 Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1917 "Rau kev lees paub los ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Cov Neeg Ukrainian Republic thiab ntawm qhov kawg tau nthuav tawm rau Central Rada hauv kev pom ntawm nws cov kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam"

Kev ua tiav los ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm kev sib koom siab thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov neeg siv zog hauv kev tawm tsam rau kev sib raug zoo, pib los ntawm kev lees paub ntawm cov ntsiab cai no los ntawm ntau qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm lub cev ntawm kev hloov pauv kev ywj pheej - Soviets, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov 2nd All-Russian Congress ntawm Soviets, Tsoom fwv socialist ntawm Russia, lub Soviet ntawm Tib Neeg Commissars, tseem lees paub txoj cai rau kev txiav txim siab rau tus kheej rau txhua haiv neeg, uas tau raug tsim txom los ntawm tsarism thiab lub Great Lavxias teb sab bourgeoisie, mus txog rau txoj cai ntawm cov haiv neeg mus cais tawm ntawm Russia. Yog li ntawd, peb, Council of People's Commissars, lees paub Ukrainian People's Republic, nws txoj cai kom cais tawm ntawm Russia los yog nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog Lavxias teb sab koom pheej ntawm tsoom fwv thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv.

Txhua yam uas cuam tshuam txog lub teb chaws txoj cai thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian tau lees paub los ntawm peb, Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev, tam sim ntawd, tsis muaj kev txwv thiab tsis muaj xwm txheej."

Lub Bolshevik Party txij thaum pib tau suav hais tias yog "lub zog loj Lavxias teb sab chauvinism" yog qhov txaus ntshai tseem ceeb hauv cov lus nug hauv tebchaws thiab sim ua kom yeej cov haiv neeg tsawg rau nws sab. Rau qhov no, ib txoj cai ntawm "hauv paus txawm" raug tsim.

Great Russia thiab Me Me Russia - 1334

Los ntawm tsab ntawv los ntawm tus kws paub txog thaj chaw Marino Sanudo tus Txwj Laug rau King Philip VI de Valois, Lub Kaum Hli 13, 1334:

Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ob lub hauv paus tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws Russia, subordinate rau cov Tatars, suav nrog thaj av loj nrog ntau tus neeg uas ua raws li kev ntseeg Greek … Qhov no yog Russia Great thiab Me.

Cov lus tshiab tau qhia rau hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv feem ntau tau muab txhais ua nws. Thaum lub Kaum Hlis 1921, nyob rau hauv ib lub teb chaws uas tseem tsis tau rov qab los ntawm kev tsov kev rog, nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis thiab kev puas tsuaj, lub Soviet tsoom fwv tau faib 500 txhiab rubles nyob rau hauv kub los luam Ukrainian-lus phau ntawv txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd, ntawm qhov pib ntawm V. I. Lenin, lwm 250 txhiab rubles tau faib rau cov hom phiaj no.

Cov chav kawm lus Ukrainian, uas cov neeg ua teb tsis nkag siab - 1917

Nyob rau hauv lub zog siab los ntawm CP (b) U, nyob rau hauv lub 1920s - thaum ntxov 1930s, lub Ukrainization ntawm Kuban, Stavropol Territory, qhov chaw ntawm lub North Caucasus, Kursk thiab Voronezh cheeb tsam ntawm lub RSFSR, keeb kwm los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Ukraine, tau nqa. tawm. Los ntawm kev txiav txim, cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov koom haum, kev lag luam, cov ntawv xov xwm tau muab txhais ua lus Ukrainian kev qhia thiab kev sib txuas lus. Ukrainization kuj cuam tshuam rau ntau thaj tsam ntawm Northern Kazakhstan, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog kev tswj hwm tus kheej hauv RSFSR. Yog li, yuav luag txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Fedorovsky koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Kustanai koog tsev kawm ntawv xyoo 1930-1932. tau muab txhais ua Ukrainian, thiab Ukrainization nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam tau raug xa mus rau lub Kharkov Regional Party Committee.

Ukrainization nyob rau hauv Kuban, Don thiab Voronezh xeev - 1926

Literary Ukrainian lus - 1927

Ukrainization ntawm Donbass - 1925

Ukrainization ntawm kos npe thiab xinesmas - 1925

Ukrainization ntawm xovxwm thiab tsev kawm ntawv - 1924

Ukrainization ntawm cheeb tsam Chernihiv

Ukrainization ntawm Galicia

Ukrainization ntawm Carpathian Rus

Raws li cov tswv yim zoo sib xws, thaum xyoo 1926 kev suav pej xeem, Lavxias teb sab Malorussians, Rusyns, Ugrorussians thiab Galicians tau sau ua "Ukrainians".

Koj tuaj yeem nyeem txog cov teeb meem ntawm Ukrainizers nrog kev faib tawm ntawm ukrogazeta ntawm no.

Cov pejxeem ntawm Carpathian Rus raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 1921

Lub Soviet Ukrainizers, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm Ukrainization, hloov lub Lavxias teb sab neeg ntawm Carpathian Rus nrog "Ukrainians" - raws li nyob rau hauv pej xeem suav pej xeem nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainian SSR.

Ukrainization nyob rau hauv Poltava

Qhov no yog ntxiv rau zaj dab neeg ntawm ib lab rubles hauv kub rau ukrouchebniki.

Ukrainization nyob rau hauv Kiev - 1925

Yuav ua li cas Ukrainians tau multiplied nyob rau hauv 1926

Nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj 1930, lub Presidium ntawm lub Okrug Executive Committee ntawm Stalino (Donetsk) tau txiav txim siab kom foob cov thawj coj ntawm cov koom haum raws li txoj cai rau Ukrainization, uas tsis nrhiav txoj kev rau Ukrainize lawv subordinates, ua txhaum txoj cai tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub Ukrainization.”. Cov ntawv xov xwm, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, tsev kawm ntawv, ua yeeb yam, tsev kawm ntawv, inscriptions, kos npe rau, thiab lwm yam yog Ukrainianized. Nyob rau hauv 1930, tsuas yog 3 loj Lavxias teb sab ntawv xov xwm tseem nyob rau hauv Ukraine.

Kaganovich L. M. los ua tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm Central Committee ntawm CP / b / U thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1925, thaum Ukrainization twb tau tshaj tawm thiab tau ua tiav nrog tag nrho nws lub zog.

Nyob rau hauv lub predecessor ntawm Lazar Moiseevich, raws li lub taub hau ntawm KP / b / U E. I. Quiringe, tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qhia ua lus Ukrainian tau loj hlob sai thiab tsis tu ncua. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm lus Lavxias kuj tau sai thiab tsis tu ncua.

Txoj cai ntawm "ukrainization" thaum kawg tau txwv tsis pub dhau xyoo 1938, thaum tsab cai lij choj ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Ukrainian SSR tau tshaj tawm rau kev qhia lus Lavxias hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv uas tsis yog Lavxias, uas tau txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ntawm Russification, thiab tsab cai lij choj ntawm Politburo ntawm Central Committee ntawm Communist Party (b) U ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm lub teb chaws kev tswj hwm-ib cheeb tsam, piv txwv li thiab lwm yam.

Peb tes num ntawm "Ukrainization" tau txuas ntxiv tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, peb tab tom soj ntsuam tag nrho cov txheej txheem txawm tias tam sim no, thiab kev siv cov lus Lavxias nyob rau hauv 1938 tau dhau los ua kev quab yuam Russification ntawm "Ukraine". Russification ntawm Ukraine yog kev dag thiab kev dag. Kev hais lus tuaj yeem thiab yuav tsum tsis yog hais txog Russification, tab sis hais txog kev ua phem "Ukrainization" ntawm Little Russia. Vim nws muaj tseeb.

Tam sim no peb muaj dab tsi:

- Ib zaug ib lub teb chaws tau muab faib;

- Lub xeev cov nuj nqis ntawm Ukraine tau muab nws mus rau hauv lub xeev ntawm robes thiab ib tug executor ntawm lub siab nyiam ntawm txawv teb chaws lub teb chaws.