Kev lag luam thiab cov hom tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws muaj kev lag luam zoo. Cov neeg ua lag luam txawv teb chaws, cov tub lag luam Lavxias, thiab txawm tias yav dhau los serfs tuaj yeem qhib kev lag luam ntawm no thiab ua lawv tus kheej lub npe lag luam. Cov npe nrov tshaj plaws ntawm Russia nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau nthuav tawm rau koj mloog.

1. Smirnov

"Smirnovka" tseem yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau recognizable vodka hom hnub no, tab sis nyob rau hauv Tsarist Russia, Pyotr Arsenievich Smirnov, uas nrhiav tau nws distillery nyob rau hauv 1862, yog ib tug tiag tiag "vodka huab tais".

Cov neeg tau txais kev pab nyiam lub rooj caw "N 21" thiab tincture "Nezhinskaya rowan" feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov. Cov khoom no tau pab lub tuam txhab kom tau txais txoj cai los piav txog Lub Xeev Emblem thiab lub npe ntawm "Tsoomfwv ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub ntawm Nws Imperial Majesty thiab Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich".

Cov se uas tau mus rau lub txhab nyiaj los ntawm Smirnov lub lag luam yog sib npaug rau ib nrab ntawm cov peev nyiaj ua ntej ua tsov rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias.

Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tsim rau lub xyoo mus txog 17-20 lab rubles.

2. Eim

Tag nrho cov hipsters ntawm lub peev paub raws nraim li cas "Einem" yog vim li cas "Einem" mus txog rau thaum 1922 yog lub npe ntawm lub confectionery Hoobkas "Red Lub kaum hli ntuj" nyob rau hauv Barsenevskaya embankment.

Tus tsim ntawm lub tuam txhab, Theodor Ferdinand von Einem, qhib lub rooj cob qhia khoom noj khoom haus ntawm Arbat hauv xyoo 1851. Tsuas yog plaub tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv nws. Kev Tsov Rog Crimean tau pab Einem "kev lag luam qab zib" nce. Nws muab nws cov khoom rau ntawd. Qhov no tau pab Einem nthuav kev tsim khoom thiab txav mus rau lub rooj cob qhia mus rau lub Hoobkas ntawm Myasnitskaya.

Lub tuam txhab tsim tawm txog 20 hom khoom, thiab "cov pob tawb qab zib" rau cov nkauj nyab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Nyob rau hauv 1913, lub tuam txhab tau muab tsub lub title Supplier rau Nws Imperial Majesty lub tsev hais plaub.

3. Shustov

"Cognac King" Nikolai Leontievich Shustov yog ib tug neeg txawv txawv. Nws cia li tig lub siab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th Russia cov neeg siv khoom lag luam.

Nws ntiav cov tub ntxhais kawm kom nrov nws cov khoom. Lawv nug hauv taverns "tsuas yog Shustov's vodka". Thaum nws tsis nyob ntawd, lawv ua ib qho kev sib cav thiab xaus rau hauv cheeb tsam, los ntawm qhov chaw uas Shustov nws tus kheej tom qab yuav lawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub ntxhais kawm kuj tau txais ib feem pua ntawm kev muag khoom hauv qhov "spud" point.

Shustov yog ib tus thawj coj los txiav txim seb yuav tso cov ntawv tshaj tawm li cas rau pej xeem thauj.

Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, cov khoom lag luam tau pib sib txawv ntawm ntau yam - nqaij nyug, tangerine liqueur, Caucasian roob herbalist, liqueurs ntawm Lavxias teb sab steppe tshuaj ntsuab thiab Crimean.

4. Russo-balt

Txhua tus neeg uas xav tias Russia ib txwm muaj teeb meem nrog kev lag luam tsheb yog yuam kev. Ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no theem. Noj, piv txwv li, lub tsheb Russo-Balt, thawj zaug tsim nyob rau hauv 1909.

Russo-Balts yog cov tsheb loj. Qhov no yog pov thawj, piv txwv li, los ntawm cov yeej nyob rau hauv lub St. Petersburg - Monaco haiv neeg nyob rau hauv 1912 thiab 1913, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias lub Russo-Balt tau los ua thawj lub tsheb mus kov yeej Vesuvius. Feem ntau, lub tsheb tau dhau los ua ib qho kev ntseeg siab tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

5. Apricots thiab cov tub

Nws yog txaus los saib qhov no ib qho kev tshaj tawm kom nkag siab tias "Aprikosov thiab Tub" tau kho qhov teeb meem kev lag luam ua lub luag haujlwm. Nyob rau hauv 1891 ib leeg, 300 txhiab rubles tau siv rau nws. Tus kws ua zaub mov noj puv lub nroog nrog nws cov ntawv.

Keeb kwm ntawm Abrikosovs pib nyob rau hauv 1804, thaum Stepan Nikolaev, nicknamed lub Obrikosov, tuaj rau Moscow mus ua hauj lwm thiab qhib ib tug confectionery khw ntawm no.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, 1,900 tus neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas Abrikosov, lawv tsim txog 4,000 tons ntawm caramel, khoom qab zib, chocolate thiab biscuits ib xyoos twg.

6. Ib

Nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, lub Bure saib yog synonymous nrog zoo thiab clarity. Yog li ntawd, tus huab tais Lavxias teb sab nws tus kheej tau nthuav qhia lawv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo, hwm cov neeg thiab cov neeg sawv cev txawv teb chaws.

Lub tuam txhab Bure tau tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab cov saib rau cov neeg yuav khoom loj. Tus nqi rau watches pib ntawm tsuas yog 2 rubles thiab mus txog ntau txhiab. Russia yog ib qho ntawm thawj lub teb chaws uas watches tau dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam uas muaj. Tom qab xyoo 1917 lub tuam txhab txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm hauv Switzerland raws li Paul Buhre hom.

7. Faberge

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 71 Faberge qe paub, ntawm uas 52 yog suav hais tias yog imperial. Faberge qe yog cov khoom kim heev, splendor thiab koob meej ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws. Cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub no yog khoom plig hwm. Alexander III, uas tau pab txhawb rau qhov muaj koob meej ntawm Faberge ruaj, nthuav qhia nws tus poj niam nrog lub qe rau Easter hauv xyoo 1887.

Txoj hmoo ntawm qhov khoom plig no zoo kawg li. Nyob rau hauv 1917, nws tau txeeb los ntawm Bolsheviks, uas muag nws mus rau sab hnub poob.

Xyoo 1964, nws raug muag rau ib zaj nkauj ($ 2,450) ntawm qhov kev sib tw Parke Bernet. Nws nyob qhov twg tam sim no tsis paub. Nws tus nqi yog kwv yees li 20 lab phaus.

8. Cov kwv tij Diederichs

Cov kwv tij Diederichs tau tsim cov pianos loj tshaj plaws thiab pianos hauv tebchaws Russia ntawm xyoo pua 19th. Keeb kwm ntawm lub Hoobkas pib nyob rau hauv 1810. Tom qab me ntsis dhau 10 xyoo, lub tuam txhab muab nws cov khoom tso rau hauv cov zaub thiab tshaj tawm nws qhov kev npaj muag cov pianos zoo uas tsis muaj qis dua rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws ntawm tus nqi 3-8 zaug qis dua.

"Diederichs" tau tsim sai, ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab nthuav cov kab. Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb Industrial Exhibition nyob rau hauv Paris nyob rau hauv 1900, lub cuab tam ntawm lub Hoobkas tau muab tsub lub Grand Prix, thiab AF. Diederichs - muab khoom plig nrog qhov kev txiav txim.

Los ntawm xyoo 1917, tsuas yog 27 tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub Hoobkas, thiab vim tias kev ua tiav ntawm kev lag luam wholesale thiab muag muag, kev tshem tawm ntawm kev txiav txim yav dhau los thiab cov nyiaj poob rau lub Plaub Hlis 6, 1918, lub Hoobkas Diederichs Freres raug kaw.

9. Skorokhod

Nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary Russia, txhua leej txhua tus paub tias cov khau zoo tshaj plaws yog Skorokhod.

Kev koom tes ntawm St. Petersburg kev tsim cov khau tshuab tau tshwm sim rau lub Cuaj Hlis 11, 1882. Ob xyoos tom qab, nws pib tsim cov khau Reforma nrov - lub caij ntuj sov khau nrog pob taws qis, embossed ntawm tus ntiv taw nrog tus qauv herringbone. Lawv hu ua "khiav".

Nyob rau hauv 1896, nyob rau hauv lub Nizhny Novgorod ncaj ncees, lub Partnership tau txais txoj cai rau cov duab nyob rau hauv lub hom ntawm lub xeev Emblem.

"Skorokhody", tau kawg, sim forge. Lawv tau tawm tsam cov neeg siv khoom siv tes ua, suav nrog kev txiav txim plaub ntug.

Nkawm khau ntawm Kev Sib Koom Tes tau rov nthuav tawm ntawm cov rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb - hauv Chicago (1893), Amsterdam (1894), Paris (1900). Nyob rau hauv lub lig 1890s, nws tau muag nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, sib tw nrog cov qauv ntawm lub zos manufacturers.

Tsuas yog txij li xyoo 1910 tau ua lo lus "Skorokhod" tshwm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab, ntawm cov paib ntawm Partnership lub khw muag khoom, nyob rau hauv cov khau khau nws tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib hom.

10. Dux

Yav dhau los, tsheb tsav tsheb ncig tebchaws Russia tsis yog tsuas yog roj av thiab hluav taws xob xwb, tab sis kuj tseem nyob hauv chav. Thawj cov nroj tsuag tsim ib lub ferry yog "Dux". Cov tsheb no nyiam kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov Russians, raws li lawv tau suav hais tias muaj kev nyab xeeb tshaj plaws.

Kev sib tw qauv "Dux" tau tsim kom muaj kev ceev txog li 140 km / h.

Ntxiv rau cov tsheb ferry, uas tseem hu ua "locomobiles," lub tuam txhab tsim tsheb kauj vab, omnibuses, snowmobiles, thiab maus taus.

Nyob rau hauv 1910 "Dux" nkag mus rau hauv huab cua ua lag luam - nws pib tsim lub dav hlau thiab airships. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm lwm cov khoom pib poob qis. Nyob rau hauv 1918 cov nroj tsuag tau nationalized thiab renamed mus rau hauv "State Aviation Plant No. 1".

11. Polar

Tsis tsuas yog lub peev "Skorokhod" shod Russia ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig. Kuj tseem muaj "Polar", uas tshwm sim hauv Kazan xyoo 1916. Niaj hnub no lub tuam txhab no hu ua Spartak. Yog li ntawd nws tau muaj npe nyob rau hauv 1922.

Lub Hoobkas tau qhib los ntawm Kazan tub lag luam thiab manufacturers Shabanov, Zobnin thiab Zhulin.

Nyob rau hauv Sukonnaya Sloboda ntawm Armyanskaya Street (tam sim no Spartakovskaya Street), lawv yuav ob-zaj dab neeg pob zeb warehouse. Cov khoom siv ntawm lub Hoobkas muaj lub tshuab ua kom sov thiab cov tshuab xaws rau saum cov khau, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 2 hom. Kev ua tawv tawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ib lub tannery qhib ib sab ntawm lub Hoobkas.

Txiav, fastening ntawm lub hauv siab thiab lwm yam haujlwm tau ua manually.

12. Anatra

Aviation cog "Anatra" tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1913 los ntawm Arthur Antonovich Anatra, ib tug neeg ntawm Odessa, ib tug millionaire thiab tsuas yog ib tug txawj ntse ua lag luam.

Heev sai heev cov nroj tsuag tau los ua thib peb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau lawm ntim. Nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1914 txog 1917, ntau tshaj li ib txhiab lub tsheb tau tsim rau ntawm nws.

Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, lub dav hlau cog tau nyob 12 versts los ntawm lub nroog. Rau kev xa khoom ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm rau 1 lab 300 txhiab rubles, Odessa - Anatra Dav Hlau Plant tau tsim tshwj xeeb, ob chav locomotives thiab ntau lub tsheb neeg nrog caij tau yuav.

Xyoo 1917, ntau dua 330 tus neeg ua haujlwm thiab kwv yees li 2,100 tus neeg ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub koomhaum ntawm lub tuam txhab "Anatra". Lub peev xwm muaj peev xwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1917 yog 80 lub dav hlau ib hlis twg, ntawm 60 - ntawm Odessa cog thiab 20 - ntawm ceg hauv Simferopol.

13. Hav zoov

Lub tuam txhab Pereslavl weaving tau tsim los ntawm cov tub lag luam Phillip Ugrimov los ntawm Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Tsim Kho Collegium hauv 1758. Tom qab ntawd muaj 100 weaving mills, uas ua rau nyias Dutch fabrics, teak, Flemish thiab sailing fabrics.

Nyob rau hauv 1816, lub Hoobkas tau dhau mus rau hauv tus tswv ntawm Moscow tub lag luam Konstantin Alekseevich Kumanin, uas tau nthuav dav lub Hoobkas los ntawm 1816 txog 1847: 403 mills twb tau ua haujlwm.

Kev tsim khoom tau nthuav dav tas li, thiab cov neeg Askiv tau nqis peev nyiaj hauv kev lag luam. Hauv xyoo 1890, lawv kuj tau ua haujlwm ua cov kws ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm Zalesye.

14. Ivan Durdin

Zaj dab neeg ntawm Ivan Durdin yog ib zaj dab neeg npau suav. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo, Ivan Alekseevich Durdin, ib tug serf los ntawm lub zos ntawm Shestikhino, Myshkinsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Yaroslavl xeev, tuaj rau Moscow mus khwv tau nyiaj, peb xyoos tom qab yuav tawm thiab tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub khw ntawm Moscow Society of Brewers, tom qab ntawd tau raug xaiv los ua tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub chaw tsim khoom lag luam hauv lub nroog. Xyoo 1836, Durdin tau tswj xyuas cov nroj tsuag uas nws ua haujlwm.

Durdin pib qhib lub chaw soj nstuam rau kev tsim cov npias tshiab, cov khw muag khoom lag luam, cov breweries tshiab. Durdinskoe npias tau paub thoob plaws Russia.

Emperor Alexander II nws tus kheej txaus siab rau Durdin "Porter", thiab nyob rau hauv 1857 Durdin tau txais ib txoj cai tshwj xeeb - txoj cai rau lub raj mis cov khoom nrog cov duab ntawm Lavxias teb sab ob-headed dav dawb hau.

15. Xav

Lavxias cigars - hnub no nws suab txawv me ntsis, tab sis ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, xws li kev sib xyaw ua ke yog nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm yam.

Lub tuam txhab loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ua ntej kev hloov pauv tau suav tias yog Havanera. Nws lub npe tag nrho nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog Cigar thiab Tobacco Factory ntawm Belgian Anonymous Society "Havanera".

Qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub Hoobkas Gavanera tau zoo heev. Nyob rau hauv 1908 nws tau txais lub Big Gold Medal ntawm ib tug exhibition nyob rau hauv Rostov-on-Don.

Nyob rau hauv 1910, "Havanera" tau ua kev zoo siab ntawm lub ntiaj teb Exhibition nyob rau hauv Brussels, tau muab nws lub siab tshaj plaws puav pheej - lub Honorary Diploma, thiab nyob rau hauv 1911 - nyob rau hauv lub industrial fair nyob rau hauv Turin, qhov uas nws kuj tau txais ib tug Honorary Diploma.

Tom qab lub kiv puag ncig, luam yeeb ntau lawm ntawm lub Hoobkas nres yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Ntawm lub qub Gavaner Hoobkas, thiab tam sim no lub Xeev Cigar Factory, cov yeeb nkab yeeb nkab "Pipe of Peace" thiab "Flotskiy" pib tsim.

Nyeem kuj ntawm lub ncauj lus: