Vim li cas tag nrho cov aerobatics?

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Cov ntawv tshaj tawm no piav qhia txog yim qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws aerobatics - lawv ua li cas, thaum lawv tau ua thawj zaug thiab vim li cas lawv xav tau txhua.

Tswb Kvochura

Yuav ua li cas

Lub dav hlau nqa lub qhov ntswg ntawm xoom nrawm, thiab tom qab ntawd dov nws, ua raws li kev txav ntawm tus nplaig tswb. Yog li lub npe ntawm daim duab.

Daim duab tau nthuav tawm thawj zaug hauv xyoo 1988 ntawm Farnborough Air Show hauv tebchaws Askiv. Tus kws tsav dav hlau Anatoly Kvochur yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub thib plaub tiam MiG-29 fighter.

Thaum xub thawj, lub tswb tau suav tias yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm uas cov neeg tua hluav taws ua rau pom tsis tau rau cov cuaj luaj nrog radar kev taw qhia rau lub hom phiaj. Niaj hnub no, daim duab no tuaj yeem pom tsis yog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam ntawm pab pawg aerobatic "Swifts", "Lavxias teb sab Knights", "Rus".

chim

Lub dav hlau tig 360 degrees nyob ib ncig ntawm nws kab rov tav axis. Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov kiv puag ncig, lub thoob tuaj yeem yog ib leeg, ib nrab thiab ntau yam.

Lub maneuver yog thawj zaug ua los ntawm American Daniel Maloney nyob rau hauv 1905. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, daim duab no tau cawm ntau tshaj ib txoj sia.

Peb zaug Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union Alexander Pokryshkin ib zaug saib lub davhlau ntawm inexperienced pilots. Ib tug ntawm lawv txiav txim siab los ua ib lub thoob, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ho poob ceev thiab dived down. Lub sijhawm ntawd, tus kws tsav dav hlau ya tom qab nws maj nrawm rau pem hauv ntej thiab acrobat nyob ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw. Pokryshkin thiab nws cov npoj yaig dubbed daim duab "tub" thiab ntau dua ib zaug siv cov txheej txheem hauv kev tawm tsam Nazi aviation. Tam sim no lub thoob muaj nyob rau hauv cov complex ntawm cov duab ua nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kev ua si nawv kev sib tw.

Immelman

Lub dav hlau ua rau kev sib ntaus sib tua - ib nrab yob nyob rau sab sauv ntawm ib nrab voj voog.

Daim duab tau ua thawj zaug ntawm Fokker E. III monoplane los ntawm 25-xyoo-laus German Max Immelmann hauv 1915 thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1. Qhov kev coj ua no tau tso cai rau Immelman nyob saum toj thiab qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau, txawm hais tias lawv tau dhau los ua kev sib tsoo. Thaum lub xyoo ntawm kev ya davhlau, Immelman tau tua 15 tus yeeb ncuab lub dav hlau, thiab cov kws tsav dav hlau British, tsuas yog pom tias cov German tau tawm mus, mus rau hauv av.

Daim duab Immelman pib qhia hauv cov tsev kawm dav hlau. Thiab niaj hnub no nws yog ib qho ntawm cov duab tseem ceeb uas txhua tus tub rog tsav dav hlau yuav tsum ua tau.

Flat corkscrew

Lub dav hlau nqes mus rau hauv ib tug ntxhab downward kauv ntawm ib lub vojvoog me me.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, lub corkscrew yog qhov ua rau tuag ntawm cov neeg tsav dav hlau. Nws tau ntseeg tias nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom tawm ntawm lub tailspin. Tab sis lub Cuaj Hlis 24, 1916, tus kws tsav dav hlau Konstantin Artseulov ntawm lub dav hlau Nieuport-XXI ntawm qhov siab ntawm 2000 meters txhob txwm tso lub dav hlau mus rau hauv lub tailspin thiab tawm ntawm nws. Hnub tom qab, Artseulov tau xa tsab ntawv ceeb toom mus rau kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Sevastopol Aviation School, uas nws tau npaj siab qhia cov corkscrew rau hauv qhov kev cob qhia.

Niaj hnub no, qhov no ib zaug tuag daim duab yog xyaum nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tsev kawm ntawv aviation ntawm lub kiv cua tsav dav hlau, nws muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm lub dav hlau kev sib tw kis las. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov kev tua ntawm kev sib tw ntawm lub dav hlau fighters yog txwv tsis pub rau kev nyab xeeb vim li cas, lawv tsuas yog ua ib lub tiaj tiaj. Txawm hais tias lawv tau kawm los daws cov corkscrew, nws tseem yuav siv lub neej.

Chakra Frolov

Ib daim duab nyob rau hauv uas lub dav hlau tig ib ncig ntawm nws tus Tsov tus tw ntawm tsawg ceev, ua ib lub voj nrog ib tug me me loj tig vojvoog.

Nws tau pom thawj zaug rau cov pej xeem ntawm Su-37 fighter los ntawm Evgeny Frolov hauv 1995 ntawm Le Bourget cua qhia.

Daim duab no muaj npe tom qab ib qho riam phom Indian thaum ub, uas yog lub nplhaib nrog rau sab hauv. Lub Frolov chakra tsuas tuaj yeem ua tau ntawm lub dav hlau nrog lub zog sib txawv. Daim duab tsis tau siv thaum sib ntaus sib tua huab cua. Nws yog ua qauv qhia thaum lub sij hawm ua yeeb yam ntawm exhibitions thiab aviation ua koob tsheej, ua pov thawj lub aerodynamic zoo ntawm Lavxias teb sab 4+ tiam neeg tua rog.

Hammerhead

Lub dav hlau nce nrog ib tug tswm ciab, hovers nyob rau hauv cov huab cua thiab, tig nws lub qhov ntswg mus rau hauv av, mus down.

Nws ntseeg tau tias daim duab tau ua thawj zaug los ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau German, tus yeej thoob ntiaj teb aerobatics thiab tus tsim qauv dav hlau Gerhard Fieseler thaum xyoo 1920s.

Kev siv daim duab no thaum sib ntaus sib tua saum huab cua yog tantamount rau kos npe rau tus kheej daim ntawv pov thawj tuag. Lub dav hlau hovering nyob rau hauv cov huab cua ua ib lub hom phiaj zoo rau cov yeeb ncuab. Tab sis thaum lub sij hawm ua qauv qhia flights, ntsug tig ua rau ib tug do ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib, vim hais tias nws zoo nkaus li impressive. Daim duab no yog ib feem ntawm cov kev tawm dag zog hauv kev ua kis las hauv dav hlau, tab sis dav hlau fighters tsis ua nws.

Daim duab ntawm Pugachev

Ib daim duab uas lub qhov ntswg ntawm lub dav hlau nce mus txog 110 degrees (ntawm Su-27, ntawm Su-37 - mus txog 180 degrees) nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev mus los, thiab ces nqis rov qab.

Nws tau ua thawj zaug hauv kev sim davhlau los ntawm Honored Pilot ntawm USSR Igor Volk. Tus cobra tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem los ntawm Viktor Pugachev ntawm lub khw thoob ntiaj teb hauv Fab Kis Le Bourget xyoo 1989. Thaum lub Su-27 fighter ntawm Lavxias teb sab pilot tig nws lub qhov ntswg sharply, lub organizers ntawm cov huab cua qhia tau txiav txim siab tias muaj ib tug tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub system thiab lub dav hlau yuav poob. Tab sis lub dav hlau tsis mus rau hauv ib tug tailspin, tab sis ya nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev. Rau mastering tshiab thev naus laus zis, Pugachev tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm lub Soviet Union, thiab daim duab, txawm lub fact tias nws yog invented los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav dav hlau, tau txais lub npe ntawm tus thawj demonstrator.

Lub maneuver yog tsim rau zam tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug yeeb ncuab fighter, tab sis kuj missiles nrog infrared homing hau. Txawm li cas los xij, tus cobra tseem tsis tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Ranversman

Daim duab tau ua ntau yam zoo ib yam li lub taub hau rauj, tab sis tsis yog nrog hovering, tab sis nrog tig rau ntawm toj (aerobatics daim duab, thaum lub dav hlau nce siab nrog lub kaum sab xis ntawm inclination).

Piv txwv li kev thim rov qab (qhov no yog li cas lub npe ntawm daim duab tau txhais los ntawm Fab Kis), lossis tig ntawm lub roob (raws li lub npe ntawm daim duab no paub hauv Russia), tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1930. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov maneuvers ntawm tus ranversman thiab hammerhead yog tias lub dav hlau tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab mus rau hauv kev sib tsoo, tsis nruj nreem, tab sis ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 50-60 °, nce toj.

Cov pilots uas tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov nyuaj no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem siv tau thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam thiab tawm tsam, nws tso cai rau koj hloov pauv sai sai ntawm kev ya davhlau yam tsis poob qhov siab.