Cov kabmob ntxiv thiab tsis paub txog tshuaj

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Lub zog ntawm kev xav ntawm kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv lub kaum cuaj thiab nees nkaum centuries tau nrawm heev uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau poob rau hauv ib qho kev khav theeb. Txhua yam uas tsis tuaj yeem piav qhia hauv cov qauv ntawm tib neeg lub cev tau tshaj tawm tam sim ntawd, 'superfluous': tonsils, thymus, caj pas pineal, appendix …

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, tom qab Ilya Mechnikov pom putrefactive fermentation nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv, nws tau pom zoo tias cov hnyuv loj tsis xav tau, thiab cov kws phais txiav nws tawm los ntawm ntau tshaj li ib txhiab tus neeg txhawb siab ntawm kev tshawb fawb …

Tab sis maj mam science rehabilitated lub "rudiments" ib tug los ntawm ib tug.

Tam sim no, Ukrainian thiab American oncologists tau los yuav luag tib lub ntsiab lus: cov neeg uas tshem tawm tonsils (tonsils) raug cuam tshuam los ntawm mob qog noj ntshav peb zaug ntau zaus. Ib yam li ntawd, lawv hais tias, tshwm sim rau cov uas tau poob lawv cov ntawv ntxiv. Cov neeg Amelikas, los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm tau mob siab rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam "ntxiv" lub cev. Cov tonsils, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lub appendix, lawv txiav tawm nyob rau hauv ua ke mus rau tag nrho cov me nyuam mos. Thiab thaum xyoo 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau muaj kev sib kis ntawm poliomyelitis, cov menyuam yaus no mob hnyav dua thiab tuag ua ntej.

Thiab ntawm no yog qhov nthuav: los ntawm lub sijhawm lawv tau sau rau hauv cov tub rog, Udalyans tau 20 cm luv dua lawv cov phooj ywg, qaug zog, mob thiab mob hlwb. Nws yog thaum ntawd lawv pom tau hais tias cov tonsils thiab appendix ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv. Tam sim no cov kws tshaj lij Asmeskas lees paub: tawm ntawm ib lab tus neeg nyob hauv Asmeskas uas nws cov tonsils raug tshem tawm, 999 txhiab tsis xav tau. Tshem tawm cov tonsils thiab daim ntawv ntxiv yog zoo li txiav tawm ib daim ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm tonsils yog los tiv thaiv lub cev los ntawm kev kis kab mob. Nws yog rau lawv tias ntau dua 70% ntawm cov kab mob phem uas nkag mus rau peb lub cev nrog rau cov huab cua nyob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tonsils tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg uas pab cov synthesis ntawm cov hlwb koom nrog hauv hematopoiesis.

Cov neeg uas tau koom nrog cov tonsils tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob (AIDS) - lawv feem ntau yuav raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob inflammatory thiab ua xua ntawm cov kab mob ua pa (pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, bronchitis), mob khaub thuas thiab lwm yam kab mob. Thiab tsis ntev los no, Ukrainian cov kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias tonsils tiv thaiv kab mob qog noj ntshav: tom qab kawm ntau pua cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, cov kws tshaj lij pom tau tias cov neeg mob tshem tawm cov tonsils raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev mob qog noj ntshav ntawm lub ntsws, plab hnyuv thiab lub ntsws 3-8 zaug ntau dua li lwm tus. Kev nyuaj siab hauv cov tonsils (crypts) tau dhau los ua ib hom kev sim, qhov twg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov khoom los ntawm sab nraud (khoom noj, huab cua, kab mob) raug lees paub, thiab tom qab ntawd cov proteins tiv thaiv raug tsim.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau cais ntau cov protein sib txuas los ntawm cov tonsils nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Kawm txog lawv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav thiab tib neeg cov ntshav, peb pom tias lawv muaj peev xwm tua tau, qhov nruab nrab, txhua qhov thib tsib ntawm tes. Thaum cov tshuaj no tau muab rau cov tsiaj, lawv cov qog muaj sia nyob tau zoo dua qub.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tsis txhob phais rau cov me nyuam me tshaj plaws vim hais tias cov tonsils tiv thaiv kev tsis haum zaub mov. Kev txheeb cais qhia: 70 feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj dysbiosis thiab kev tsis haum zaub mov tsis muaj tonsils.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias cov tonsils, piv txwv li, yog nyob rau hauv nruab nrab hauv nruab nrog cev uas tswj kev tiv thaiv hauv zos ntawm cov mucous daim nyias nyias. Tsis tas li ntawd, rau kev tiv thaiv kab mob, lawv muaj qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov tseem ceeb rau cov luminaries xws li thymus caj pas thiab cov pob txha pob txha. Tam sim no cov kws kho mob paub tseeb tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov tonsils ua ntej muaj hnub nyoog 8 xyoo, thiab txawm tias muaj hnub nyoog laus dua nws yog qhov tsis xav tau. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias cov mucous daim nyias nyias qhib nyob rau hauv lub folds ntawm lub tonsils ib hom cuab rau insidious antigens thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib tug tshwj xeeb hom B-lymphocytes tsim nyob rau hauv no, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub pa ib ntsuj av tau thiab lub plab zom mov. txoj kev. Lawv txoj kev loj hlob pib twb nyob rau hauv 18-lub lim tiam-fetus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khaus thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 mus rau 8 xyoo, tom qab ntawd qhov kev siv ntawm B-lymphocyte ntau lawm poob, tab sis yeej tsis nres kiag li. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov mob ntawm cov tonsils yog ib hom tshuaj tiv thaiv ntuj uas tso cai rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob antigen uas ua rau mob, piv txwv li, streptococcus lossis qee hom kab mob khaub thuas, tau ntau xyoo. Raws li, qhov ua ntej cov tonsils raug tshem tawm, qhov kev tiv thaiv ntau dua peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm cov mucous membranes, pharynx thiab esophagus. Nws yog qhov nthuav tias qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tonsils nyob rau hauv Nruab Nrab Hnub nyoog yog nqa tawm yooj yim: tus kws kho mob khawb lawv tawm ntawm tus neeg mob caj pas nrog nws cov rau tes.

Adenoids muaj cov haujlwm zoo sib xws, ua ke nrog palatine, lingual thiab laryngeal tonsils, adenoids tsim lub npe hu ua Pirogov's lymphoid nplhaib, kaw kab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Rub ib qho txuas ntawm cov saw thiab txhua qhov kev tiv thaiv yuav tawg mus rau plua plav.

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, cia peb tsis txhob hnov qab txog cov ntawv ntxiv. Nyob rau hauv lub submucosal txheej ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub appendix, ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm lymphatic follicles pom uas tiv thaiv cov hnyuv los ntawm ob qho tib si kis kab mob thiab oncological kab mob. Rau kev nplua nuj ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid, daim ntawv ntxiv yog qee zaum hu ua "cov hnyuv tonsil". Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib piv uas tsis lame: yog hais tias cov tonsils nyob rau hauv lub pharynx yog ib tug barrier rau kab mob, tearing mus rau hauv lub ua pa ib ntsuj av tau, ces lub appendix "inhibits" microbes uas sim ua kom ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj hnyuv.

Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm Duke University Medical Center (Tebchaws USA) tau lees paub tias daim ntawv txuas ntxiv muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb - nws ua haujlwm los ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo nyob hauv cov hnyuv, pab tsim kev tiv thaiv kab mob.

Cov kab mob muaj txiaj ntsig uas nyob hauv peb cov hnyuv tsis tsuas yog pab zom zaub mov xwb, tab sis kuj txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob - immunoglobulins thiab mucin, uas cuam tshuam kev tsim tawm ntawm cov kab mob phem. Tab sis qee zaum cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tus kab mob, thiab raws plab tshwm sim. Nws yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv kab mob uas cov kab mob ua rau cov kab mob raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj hnyuv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig tseem raug muab tshem tawm. Tab sis qee qhov ntawm lawv yuav nyob twj ywm hauv cov ntawv ntxiv. Kev nkag mus rau nws yog nqaim heev - tsis pub ntau tshaj 1-2 hli, yog li nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau cov kab mob phem nkag mus rau ntawd. Thiab thaum zawv plab tas, cov kab mob uas muaj txiaj ntsig rov ua rau tag nrho cov hnyuv.

Raws li koj paub, cov ntaub so ntswg lymphoid siv ib feem ntawm txhua yam, yam tsis muaj kev zam, kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev. Nws cov islets-qib faib tau tawg thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab tswj qee qhov ntawm nws. Yog hais tias tus kab mob, ib tug kab mob pathogenic microorganisms, nyob rau hauv ib lo lus, ib tug txawv teb chaws antigen nkag mus los ntawm ib tug abrasion, lub qhov txhab, ces cov qog nqaij hlav nyob ze rau qhov chaw nkag mus rau "saboteur" yuav nkag mus rau hauv ib tug tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv. Thaum antigenic sabotage loj heev thiab tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tub rog hauv zos, kev nthuav dav dav tau tshaj tawm thiab tag nrho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob koom nrog kev tiv thaiv.

Muaj xws li ib tug channel nyob rau hauv lub cev los ntawm kev noj cov khoom txawv teb chaws mus tas li - qhov no yog lub digestive ib ntsuj av. Muaj tseeb, cov antigens tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj, ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, raug rhuav tshem mus rau universal proteins uas tsis nqa lub imprint ntawm txawv teb chaws genetic ntaub ntawv. Thiab tseem, nrog rau cov uas tsis yog-antigenic molecules, cov antigenic tuaj yeem hla ntawm no. Nws yog rau cov ntaub ntawv no uas lymphoid garrison yog "tawm" nyob rau hauv txoj hnyuv: lub thiaj li hu ua Peyer thaj ua rau thaj nyob rau hauv cov hnyuv me thiab cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntxiv. Tab sis nws yuav yog qhov tsis ncaj ncees rau kev xav tias cov ntawv txuas ntxiv koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv zos. Ua tsaug rau lub zog lymphoid apparatus, lub appendix ua ib tug tas li thiab nquag koom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub cev, nrog rau ib tug me ntsis pronounced tiv thaiv teb. Piv txwv li, kev soj ntsuam kev soj ntsuam tau pom tias nyob rau hauv cov neeg uas muaj ib tug tshem tawm appendix, lub engraftment ntawm transplanted kabmob yog zoo dua!

Yog li, txog niaj hnub no, ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv ntxiv tau raug pov thawj: thawj zaug, daim ntawv ntxiv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab qhov thib ob, nws yog ib qho chaw yug me nyuam rau Escherichia coli. Qhov no bacillus yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub cev microflora. Yog tsis muaj nws, ib txwm nqus ntawm cov fatty acids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids yog tsis yooj yim sua, yog tsis muaj vitamin K thiab B vitamins tsis synthesized, nws koom nyob rau hauv cov kev cai ntawm dej- ntsev metabolism, secretes peptidoglycan, uas txhawb peb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. thiab ua qee yam haujlwm.

Yog hais tias palatine tonsils raug tshem tawm (los yog tsis muaj tus kab mob), ces, feem ntau, lub plab yuav mob xwb los yog tus kab mob yuav tsim, cov kab mob uas tau nkag mus rau hauv lub cev. Thiab yog tias daim ntawv ntxiv ploj lawm? Tom qab ntawd cov kab mob yuav mus ntxiv rau hauv cov kab mob inguinal, nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob, lawv yuav ua rau mob, uas txhais tau hais tias kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm lub plab hnyuv siab raum (piv txwv li, kab mob genitourinary) tuaj yeem ua raws, thiab qhov no, dhau los, yuav ua raws, qhov zoo tshaj plaws - o ntawm lub zais zis los yog urinary ib ntsuj av, thiab qhov phem tshaj, infertility.

Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum khaws cov khoom no ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev mob plab hnyuv siab raum yog kev noj zaub mov kom zoo, nrog rau kev noj qab nyob zoo, tsis lees txais cov tshuaj hluavtaws thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias nws tsuas yog kev tsis lees paub uas ua rau muaj qhov tseeb tias qee lub cev tau tshaj tawm tias "superfluous" los ntawm kws kho mob.

Saib ntxiv: Kev kho mob genocide hauv USSR

Kev tawm tsam kev kho mob = cov neeg mob kev noj qab haus huv