Cov neeg nyob ntawm cov lus dab neeg tsaug zog lub nceeg vaj ntawm Slavs

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

"Pw tsaug zog - kwv tij tuag", "Sleepy that dead" - Lavxias teb sab paj lug hais. Nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm cov neeg thaum ub, pw tsaug zog qhib lub qhov rooj mus rau lwm lub ntiaj teb no, tso cai rau cov neeg nyob pom yav dhau los thiab lub neej yav tom ntej, sib txuas lus nrog cov neeg tuag thiab tau txais lus qhia los yog ceeb toom.

Sandman

Lub pw tsaug zog los ntawm Lavxias teb sab lullabies yog hmo ntuj dab uas ua rau tib neeg pw tsaug zog. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov menyuam yaus:

Ethnographers tau nthuav tawm cov duab ntawm "tus poj niam zoo nrog ob txhais tes mos" lossis "tus txiv neej me nrog lub suab ntsiag to, soothing." Tus cwj pwm no tuaj yeem yog txiv neej thiab poj niam.

Sandman ntsib hauv cov menyuam yaus ua si:

Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv ntawm lub 18th-19th centuries, lo lus "drema" yog siv raws li ib tug synonym rau pw tsaug zog, ib nrab pw tsaug zog. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, lub pw tsaug zog dua pib txuam nrog cov duab tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv zaj paj huam ntawm tib lub npe los ntawm Konstantin Balmont nyob rau hauv 1914, daim duab ntawm Sandman nyob deb ntawm lub siab zoo:

Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg zaj paj huam "Tsar Maiden" ntawm 1920, Marina Tsvetaeva pleev xim rau Sandman nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug noog:

Xyoo 1923, Mikhail Bulgakov tau siv cov lus piv txwv zoo sib xws hauv nws cov ntawv tshiab "Tus Saib Xyuas Dawb": "Ib tug tsaug zog doze hla lub nroog, ib tug av nkos dawb noog swept dhau Vladimir tus ntoo khaub lig, poob dhau lub Dnieper mus rau lub tuab ntawm hmo ntuj thiab ua luam dej nyob rau hauv lub nroog. hlau arc."

Zoo Sandman rov qab mus rau cov menyuam yaus xyoo 1964, thaum tus kws sau paj huam Zoya Petrova thiab tus kws sau nkauj Arkady Ostrovsky tau sau lub suab nkauj "Nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua si tsaug zog" rau TV yeeb yam "Zoo hmo ntuj, menyuam yaus!"

Bezonnitsa

Zoo li pw tsaug zog, insomnia yog ob qho tib si mob thiab tus cwj pwm. Thaum ib tug neeg pw tsis tsaug zog, qhov no tau piav qhia los ntawm kev ua ntawm dab phem, uas tau hu ua txawv: bat, cryx, crybaby, hmo ntuj owl, qw. Lawv ntiab lawv tawm nrog kev sib koom siab:

Cov ntsuj plig uas "taws thiab rub tawm ntawm tus menyuam" tau sawv cev rau ntau txoj hauv kev: hauv qee thaj chaw - hauv daim ntawv ntawm puav, worms, noog, qee zaum - hauv daim ntawv ntawm dab los yog lub teeb wandering, thiab qee zaum raws li cov poj niam hauv cov khaub ncaws dub. Maj mam, cov neeg tsis nco qab lub suab quaj - dab phem, thiab yog li ntawd lawv pib hu cov me nyuam quaj.

Cov paj huam sib txawv ntawm cov eras mob siab rau cov paj huam rau insomnia; Fyodor Tyutchev yog ib tus thawj los hais txog qhov kev xav no. Nyob rau hauv 1829 nws sau paj huam "Insomnia". Thiab ib xyoos tom qab, Tyutchev cov duab ("Monotonous sib ntaus sib tua rau teev, / Zaj dab neeg ntawm kev nyuaj siab hmo ntuj!") tau kho los ntawm Alexander Pushkin:

Cov kws sau paj lug ntawm Silver Age teb rau Pushkin's "Poems, tsim thaum hmo ntuj thaum insomnia". Nyob rau hauv 1904, Innokenty Annensky luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub voj voog Insomnia lub sonnet "Parks - babbling," thiab nyob rau hauv 1918 ib tug paj huam nrog tib lub npe sau los ntawm Valery Bryusov. Ob tug kws sau paj lug coj los ua ib txoj kab los ntawm Pushkin, muab siab rau rau ancient Roman vajtswv poj niam ntawm txoj hmoo thiab chaw ua si, weaving lub canvas ntawm lub neej. Lub tiaj ua si feem ntau sawv cev rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov poj niam laus thaum ub.

Nyob rau hauv 1912 Anna Akhmatova sau ib zaj paj huam hu ua "Insomnia", thiab cuaj xyoo tom qab - Andrei Bely. Marina Tsvetaeva kuj mob siab rau lub voj voog poetic rau insomnia. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hauj lwm, cov neeg sau ntawv critics pom zoo sib xws nrog cov paj huam ntawm Pushkin thiab Tyutchev.

Lub hnub nyoog nyiaj txiag prose sau Alexei Remizov tig mus rau Lavxias teb sab lus dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1903 me me fairy taleas "Kupala Teeb" nws piav txog dab los ntawm ancient superstitions. Rampant hmo ntuj ntawm Ivan Kupala, Remiz's "Varaks-creeks galloped los ntawm qab lub toj siab siab, nce mus rau lub pov thawj lub vaj, txiav tawm tus pov thawj tus dev tus Tsov tus tw, nce mus rau hauv lub raspberry thaj, hlawv tus aub tus Tsov tus tw, ua si nrog tus Tsov tus tw."

miv Baiyun

Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, kom tus me nyuam tsaug zog zoo, ib tug miv tau tso cai rau hauv lub txaj. Cov miv zoo heev los ntawm pej xeem lullabies kuj ua rau me nyuam tsaug zog:

Miv Bayun nyob rau hauv cov dab neeg yog txawv kiag li - tsis yog ib tug nplij siab rau cov me nyuam yaus, tab sis ib tug sorcerer uas tua nrog nws cov lus. Lo lus "bayu-bye", "lull" tsis yog Ameslikas cuam tshuam nrog kev pw tsaug zog - lawv hais txog kev hais lus mesmerizing. "Bait" txhais tau tias "hais lus, qhia."Hauv lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus lo lus no kuj txhais tau tias "hais lus, kho," hauv Bulgarian thiab Serbo-Croatian, "kom conjure".

Ib qho ntawm cov miv nto moo tshaj plaws hauv cov ntaub ntawv yog cov miv kawm los ntawm Alexander Pushkin's paj huam Ruslan thiab Lyudmila, thawj zaug luam tawm xyoo 1820. Tus kws sau paj lug tau sau tseg txog tus tsiaj nyaum no raws li cov lus ntawm nws tus nais maum Arina Rodionovna: "Muaj ib tsob ntoo ntoo ntawm lub hiav txwv, thiab ntawm cov ntoo qhib muaj cov saw kub, thiab ib tug miv taug kev raws cov saw hlau: nws nce mus - qhia. fairy tales, down mus - hu nkauj." Nws hloov qhov kev xav no mus rau hauv prologue:

Los ntawm 1863, tus sau phau ntawv dab neeg Alexander Afanasyev luam tawm ib phau ntawm "Lavxias teb sab dab neeg". Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov qauv ntawm zaj dab neeg "Mus muaj - Kuv tsis paub qhov twg, coj qhov ntawd - Kuv tsis paub dab tsi" tsar xa tus cwj pwm tseem ceeb, lub npe menyuam yaus ploj mus, kom ntes "bayun miv uas zaum ntawm. ib tug ncej siab ntawm kaum ob lub taub hau thiab ntaus ntau tus neeg kom tuag. " Nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg Saratov "Lub hauv caug-tshaj kub, luj tshib-dav nyiaj," "muaj ib tug ncej kub nyob ze ntawm lub zeb, ib tug golden tawb dai rau ntawm nws, thiab ib tug kawm ntawv miv taug kev raws tus ncej; mus down - hu nkauj, nce nce - qhia fairy tales."

Bayun tus miv invariably zaum ntawm ib dais - ib tug ntoo qhib los yog ib tug ncej, personifying lub ntiaj teb tsob ntoo, lub axis ntawm lub ntug. Tus miv taug kev raws cov saw hlau, uas yog lub cim kev sib txuas ntawm lub sijhawm. Tab sis thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, daim duab ntawm ib tug miv, teem rau ntawm ib tug saw, tau tshwm sim. Qhov no yog li cas nws tau piav qhia los ntawm Ivan Kramskoy hauv cov duab "Lub Green Oak Ze ntawm Lukomorye" thiab Ivan Bilibin hauv cov duab "Tus Kws Tshawb Fawb Cat". Nyob rau xyoo 1910, Vladimir Taburin, uas tau piav qhia txog Ruslana thiab Lyudmila, tsim cov duab zoo dua. Nws Bayun tsis zaum ntawm ib txoj hlua, tab sis taug kev ywj pheej raws nws. Cov miv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm tus kws kos duab Tatyana Mavrina, uas ua ke impressionism thiab avant-garde nrog pej xeem motives, tau los ua ib lo lus tshiab hauv cov duab.

Poj huab tais pw tsaug zog

Ntau tus neeg ntseeg hais tias cov neeg ua khawv koob tuaj yeem xa pw tsaug zog lossis pw tsaug zog ua rau kev rau txim. Qhov kev ntseeg cuav no tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus dab neeg dav dav txog tus ntxhais huabtais tsaug zog. Charles Perrault tau sau cov lus Fab Kis ntawm zaj dab neeg ntawm tus ntxhais huabtais uas pricked nws tus ntiv tes nrog lub ntxaiv thiab tsaug zog rau 100 xyoo. Lub German version tau rov hais dua los ntawm Cov Kwv Tij Grimm. Lavxias teb sab fairy taleas tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm Alexander Pushkin. Tus kws sau paj huam sau cia "zaj dab neeg" uas tau hais los ntawm Arina Rodionovna. Cov dab neeg no tau sau nrog cov ntsiab lus eerie. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv Fabkis "Sleeping Beauty" cov me nyuam ntawm tus tub huabtais thiab cov tub huabtais awakened twb sim mus noj los ntawm lawv tus kheej cannibal pog. Thiab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab fairy tales tus ntxhais huabtais yeej tuag thiab "tus huab tais poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog nws lub cev." Alexander Pushin piav luv luv piav txog zaj dab neeg:

Nyob rau hauv 1833, Pushkin tsim Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Tus Ntxhais Tuag Tuag thiab Xya Heroes. Thiab nyob rau xyoo 1867 tus kws sau nkauj Alexander Borodin tau sau zaj nkauj Tus Ntxhais Nkauj Ntxawm pw:

Nyob rau hauv 1850, tus Fabkis choreographer Jules Perrot staged nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg lub ballet "Pet of the Fairies" rau lub suab paj nruag ntawm Adolphe Adam. Cov zajlus yog raws li pw tsaug zog zoo nkauj. Tab sis kev vam meej tiag tos lwm qhov kev ua yeeb yam raws li tib zaj dab neeg. Nyob rau hauv 1888, tus thawj coj ntawm lub Imperial Theaters, Ivan Vsevolozhsky, xeeb ib tug ballet extravaganza nyob rau hauv lub siab ntawm Fabkis lub tsev hais plaub ua yeeb yam ntawm lub 16th-17th centuries.

Lub suab paj nruag raug txib rau Pyotr Tchaikovsky, lub libretto tau sau los ntawm Vsevolozhsky nws tus kheej thiab tus kws sau paj huam Marius Petipa. Vsevolozhsky, tus neeg nyiam qhuas thiab paub txog lub sijhawm ntawm Louis XIV, kuj tau tsim cov khaub ncaws keeb kwm, thiab Petipa muab cov kws sau paj huam nrog lub sijhawm-lapse ballet. Piv txwv li, qhov no yog li cas tus kws kos duab tau piav qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas Ntxhais fuabtais Aurora pricked nws tus ntiv tes nrog lub ntxaiv: "2/4 (lub sijhawm kos npe. - Ed.), nrawm. Hauv kev ntshai, nws tsis ua las voos - qhov no tsis yog kev seev cev, tab sis kiv taub hau, kiv taub hau zoo li yog los ntawm tarantula tom! Thaum kawg, nws ntog ua tsis taus pa. Qhov kev npau taws no yuav tsum tsis pub dhau 24 mus rau 32 tuav. " Lub Sleeping Beauty los ntawm Tchaikovsky, Vsevolozhsky thiab Petipa tau dhau los ua ib tus neeg ua yeeb yam tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Npau suav tshuaj ntsuab

Pw-nyom yog feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv pej xeem dab neeg, dab neeg, conspiracies thiab herbalists. Raws li ib tug ntawm cov kev ntseeg, bears tom tawm hauv paus ntawm pw tsaug zog-nyom thiaj li yuav tsaug zog rau lub caij ntuj no. Yog hais tias ib tug neeg ua ib yam, ces nws yuav pw tag nrho lub caij ntuj no.

Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Vladimir Dal tau sau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov nroj tsuag tiag tiag, hu ua tsaug zog-nyom, dope, tsaug zog-doze, tsaug zog stupor nyob rau hauv ntau cheeb tsam. Lawv yog cov belladonna (Atropa belladonna), qhib lumbago (Pulsatilla patens) thiab nplaum nplaum (Viscaria vulgaris). Nws ntseeg tau hais tias npau suav-nyom blooms rau lub Rau Hli 18, nyob rau Dorofeev hnub: leej twg rips npau suav-nyom rau Dorofey, nws yuav muaj lub neej nyob ntsiag to, thiab yog tias koj muab tso rau hauv daim ntawv qhuav hauv ncoo, koj yuav muaj lub neej nyob ntsiag to. npau suav yaj saub. Cov lus hais ntawm no yog tej zaum hais txog cov nplaum nplaum, uas yeej tawg paj thaum lub Tsib Hlis - Lub Rau Hli thiab tau ntev tau siv nyob rau hauv pej xeem tshuaj raws li ib tug sedative. Belladonna, lub npe hu ua tshuaj lom muaj zog, blooms tag nrho lub caij ntuj sov, tab sis tsuas yog loj hlob nyob rau yav qab teb Russia. Feem ntau, nyob rau hauv npau suav-nyom, lumbago tau muab zais - ib tsob nroj uas muaj thoob plaws hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov no primrose ua rau nws txoj kev los ntawm cov daus nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab blooms nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis. Freshly plucked lumbago yog tshuaj lom, tab sis thaum qhuav, cov kws kho mob siv nws los kho cov hlab ntsha.

Cov neeg tuaj nrog cov lus dab neeg hais txog yuav ua li cas lub lumbago tau txais nws lub npe: ib zaug npau suav-nyom muaj nplooj dav, nyob rau hauv uas Dab Ntxwg Nyoog, raug ntiab tawm ntawm lub vaj kaj siab, nkaum. Ces tus thawj tubtxib saum ntuj Michael tua lub paj, tsav cov dab phem tawm. Txij thaum ntawd los, cov nplooj tau raug txiav mus rau hauv pieces, thiab cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej mus ib txhis nrhiav tau lub peev xwm los hem kom deb ntawm dab phem. Raws li lwm cov lus dab neeg, tag nrho cov paj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no muaj ib tug niam, thiab ib tug npau suav-nyom muaj ib tug stepmother. Nws yog nws uas tau ntiab tus ntxhais pluag pluag ua ntej lwm tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb. Qhov kev ntseeg no tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Alexei Remizov zaj dab neeg "Npauj Npaim":