Kev piav qhia ntawm "Tatar-Mongol yoke" hauv cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Txawm tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv lees paub los ntawm cov nom keeb kwm, coj txawv txawv Lavxias teb sab Tatar-Mongols nrog Grand Dukes ntawm lawv lub taub hau tau piav qhia …

Cov lus piav qhia ntawm Mongol-Tatars nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab chronicles tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau hais tias Horde yog Lavxias cov tub rog coj los ntawm Grand Dukes (VK).

Laurentian Chronicle los ntawm 1223 txog 1238 piav txog cov xwm txheej Lavxias nrog kev koom tes ntawm Lavxias tus thawj coj thiab cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov neeg Horde feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv annals, tab sis cov npe ntawm lawv cov thawj coj rau qee yam tsis tau muab. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm kev yeej ntawm Horde yog siv los ntawm RUSSIAN Rostov V. K.: Georgy Vsevolodovich thiab nws tus tij laug Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Feem ntau, kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Rus tau piav qhia, ua los ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv ntau lub nroog Lavxias nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm horde, uas tau piav qhia tsis yog tus yeej, tab sis raws li cov tub rog subordinated rau VK, thiab tsis appanage sawv daws yuav. Piv txwv li, lub Horde kov yeej lub appanage princes tsis deb ntawm ciam teb Kiev thaum lub sij hawm ntawd.

Tus tub huabtais Lavxias teb sab Vasilko, xa mus rau Georgy Vsevolodovich thiab tsis muaj sijhawm los koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, tig rov qab thiab "rov qab mus rau lub nroog Rostov, HUAB TAIS Tswv Ntuj thiab Leej Txiv Tswv Ntuj" (Monuments of the literature of Ancient Russia).. XIII caug xyoo. - Moscow, publishing tsev Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1981. - P. 135). Dab tsi yog tus huab tais Lavxias zoo siab txog, yog tias tsis yog kev yeej ntawm cov tub rog subordinated rau VK, thiab tsis yog cov tub rog subordinated rau appanage separatist princes? Tsuas yog, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg Lavxias tau tawm tsam nrog lwm tus neeg Lavxias uas ntxeev siab rau VK Chronicle qhia peb txog cov xwm txheej ntawm Rostov lub tsev hais plaub ntawm VK, txog qhov kev faus neeg zoo kawg nkaus ntawm V. K. Nyob rau ntawm lub zwm txwv zaum kwv tij thiab successor Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. Piav qhia txog "kev xyiv fab ntawm kev zoo siab ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb" hauv Rostov. Tsis muaj ib lo lus hais txog qhov tseeb tias lub teb chaws yog nyob ntawm pagans, tsis muaj Tatar khan, tab sis muaj V. K. Yaroslav. Ces tus chronicler yuav txaus siab qhia peb txog kev yug me nyuam ntawm V. K. Literature, 1981. - S. 148). Lub Horde tsis tau tso garrions nyob rau hauv lub nroog raug ntes. Cov invaders tsis coj li ntawd.

"Tatars" thiab pab tub rog Lavxias coj zoo li cov phooj ywg. Cov thawj coj ntawm "Tatars" yog hu ua princes nyob rau hauv Laurentian Chronicle. Lo lus "khan" tsis pom nyob qhov twg (PSRL. T. 1. - St. Petersburg, T. Pratsa, 1846. - S. 201).

Ob leeg VK thiab "Tatars" coj lub nroog thiab tag nrho. VK ua tsov rog nrog cov Tatars tawm tsam appanage princes.

Cov av Grand Ducal - cov av ntawm V. K. - raug zam los ntawm cov se (Kostomarov N. I., Domination ntawm lub tsev ntawm St. Vladimir. - Moscow, Tub rog Publishing House, 1993. - S. 189). Lawv tsis them ib feem kaum-ib qho khoom plig rau kev tu HORDE. ORDA - lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab chronicles, denoting lub tas mus li pab tub rog ntawm V. K. Thaj, cov inhabitants ntawm lub grand princely av thiab tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Horde pab tub rog. Nws yog rau lawv cov txij nkawm uas muaj ib qho khoom plig los ntawm thaj av sab nraud ntawm Russia. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 14th, Ryazan thiab Lithuanian princes tau pom zoo tshem tawm VK Dmitry los ntawm Moscow, Kolomna, Vladimir thiab Murom, ntseeg hais tias Moscow rightfully belongs rau Lithuania, thiab Kolomna, Vladimir thiab Murom belongs rau Ryazan thawj tswj hwm. Lub sijhawm no, Ryazan thiab Lithuanian princes hu ua VK Cov thawj coj ntawm horde hu lawv tus kheej tsars thiab ntseeg tias lawv muaj hwj chim ntau dua VK.

Ryazan thiab Lithuanian princes caw Tsar Mamai los ua txoj kev npaj no. Saib "The Legend of the Mamayev Massacre" (Literary Monuments of Ancient Rus. XIV - mid-XV century. - Moscow, Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1981. - pp. 136–137). Kev tsov rog hauv zej zog tau pib … Tab sis tom qab tag nrho, ob qho tib si Lithuanian prince thiab Ryazan appanage tus kav paub zoo kawg nkaus tias V. K. Dmitry yog thawj ntawm lawv. Ntau tus tub huabtais ntawm LITHUANIAN RUSSIA tau cog lus rau V. K. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam txoj cai raug cai ntawm V. K.

Nws hloov tawm tias Mamai cov tub rog muaj Poles, Crimeans, Genuezians, Yases, Kasogs. Mamai tau txais kev pab nyiaj txiag los ntawm Kafa - qhov chaw ntawm kev lag luam qhev! Mamai raug ntiav los ntawm ib tug neeg ua phem Karaite syndicate, tsuas yog lub koom haum ua phem!

L. Gumilev tau sau tias cov tub rog Lavxias "muaj cov tub rog caij nees thiab ko taw, nrog rau cov tub rog. Lub cavalry tau tsim los ntawm LUB BAPTIZED TATARS uas defected cov Lithuanians thiab raug cob qhia los sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub TATAR STANDARD RUSSIAN "(LN Gumilev. Los ntawm Russia mus rau Russia. - Moscow. Ecopros ", 1992. - p. 163). TATARS tsis yog hais txog GUMILEV. Lub Tatar system yog ib tug system ntawm Lavxias teb sab horsemen, Cossacks. Tab sis qhov tseeb, kuv nco ntsoov, cov tub rog Lavxias tau hu ua HORDE! Nws tau hais rau Mamai tom qab nws swb hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Kulikovo teb: "Vim li cas koj, Mamai qias neeg, nkag mus rau hauv thaj av Ruska? Uas tuav lub ORDA Zaleskaya "(Monuments ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Ancient Russia. XIV - mid-XV caug xyoo. - Moscow, Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1981. - p. 108). Zaleskaya Av yog Vladimir-Suzdal Russia, thaj av ntawm VK, uas nws pab tub rog sau tribute los ntawm thoob plaws Russia. Ntawm no, cov tub rog Lavxias ntawm Vladimir-Suzdal Rus, raws li nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm thiab cov ntawv ntawm VK, kuj hu ua ORDA.

Cov qub Lavxias teb sab tej yam me me uas piav txog Kev Sib Tw ntawm Kulikovo sib npaug IMAGE RUSSIAN THIAB TATAR RIDERS - tib yam riam phom, tib lub kaus mom hlau (saib duab duab).

Yog li ntawd, lub "Tatar-Mongol yoke" - lub reign ntawm VK. Sau lub Horde tribute - sau se rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub xeev Lavxias teb sab, "tawm".