Keeb kwm ntawm fairy tales uas peb xav txog peb li

2024 Tus sau: Seth Attwood | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 16:06

Blogger Maxim Mirovich nthuav tawm hauv LJ cov keeb kwm txawv teb chaws ntawm cov menyuam yaus zaj dab neeg, uas peb txhua tus xav txog peb li.

Golden Key, 1935 thiab Txoj Kev Lom Zem ntawm Pinocchio, 1883

Yuav pib nrog, kuv yuav qhia koj txog ob peb phau ntawv piv txwv ntawm plagiarism thiab qiv, uas koj tau hnov txhua tus. Tus naj npawb ib ntawm kuv daim ntawv teev npe yog Alexei Tolstoy's Golden Key, uas nws cov cim thiab ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg tau theej los ntawm Pinocchio ntawm Italian zaj dab neeg los ntawm Carl Collodi, uas tau tawm 50 xyoo dhau los. Nyob rau hauv Carl Collodi zaj dab neeg, ib tug qub ntoo ntoo hu ua Antonio (uas tau los ua Carlo lub cev grinder rau Tolstoy) pom ib daim ntoo thiab yuav ua rau lub rooj zaum ntawm nws, tab sis lub cav pib yws ntawm qhov mob thiab tickling. Antonio tau mus xyuas los ntawm nws tus phooj ywg Dzepotto (tig los ntawm Tolstoy rau hauv Giuseppe), uas qhia Antonio ua tus menyuam roj hmab ntoo tawm ntawm lub cav. Nco tsis muaj dab tsi)? Cricket ntse, ib tug ntxhais nrog azure plaub hau, Medoro poodle, tub sab Cat thiab Hma liab, lub siab phem puppeteer Manjafoko - Collodi twb muaj tag nrho cov no. Tolstoy txawm luam tag nrho cov scenes - piv txwv li, kev tawm tsam ntawm Hma liab thiab miv nyob rau hauv daim npog qhov ncauj-bags, kev sab laj kev kho mob ntawm cov kws kho mob ntawm cov tsiaj nyob rau hauv lub raug mob Pinocchio, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub liab Cancer tavern (uas tau los ua Tolstoy lub "Tavern ntawm peb Gudgeons. ") thiab ntau lwm tus.

Lub Adventures ntawm Pinocchio tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nyob rau hauv 1895, 1906, 1908, 1914. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nthuav yog 1924 tsab, uas tau txhais los ntawm Nina Petrovskaya los ntawm Italian edited los ntawm Alexei Tolstoy (ie nws kho nws 10 xyoo ua ntej nws sau "Buratino"). Raws li A. Belinsky - yav tom ntej, Tolstoy, uas nyob ze rau tsoom fwv lub voj voog, ua tiav kev txwv tsis pub rov luam tawm Pinocchio thiab rov qab - lobbied rau kev tso tawm ntawm nws Buratino nyob rau hauv loj circulations. Thiab lawv kuj hais tias kev siv lub xeev nomenclature rau kev txaus siab ntawm lawv txoj kev lag luam hauv tsev neeg no tau txais txiaj ntsig)

The Wizard of the Emerald City, 1939 thiab The Wizard of Oz, 1900

Qhov thib ob piv txwv ntawm plagiarism, uas koj kuj tau hnov txog - tus kws sau ntawv Volkov yuav luag tag nrho nws lub npe nrov "Emerald City" los ntawm phau ntawv "The Amazing Wizard of Oz", uas tau sau los ntawm Asmeskas kws sau ntawv Lyman Frank Baum xyoo 1900. Alexander Volkov yog ib tug lej, paub lus Askiv zoo heev - thiab qhov tseeb tau ua, raws li lawv hais tam sim no, "kev txhais lus sau ntawv" ntawm Baum phau ntawv, tau luam tawm hauv Pioneer magazine xyoo 1939. Ib phau ntawv "The Wizard of the Emerald City" tau luam tawm xyoo 1941 - thiab tsis hais nyob rau hauv cov lus ua ntej, lossis hauv cov ntawv luam tawm, Lyman Frank Baum tseem tsis tau hais. Xyoo 1959, phau ntawv thib ob tau luam tawm, qhov chaw uas tus kws sau keeb kwm Asmeskas twb tau hais hauv cov lus ua ntej.

Yog tias koj xav tias Volkov tau theej thawj ntu los ntawm Baum ntug, qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, nws txuas ntxiv kos cov phiaj xwm los ntawm qhov ntawd - piv txwv li, hauv Baum phau ntawv thib ob hu ua "Lub Ntiaj Teb Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Oz" cov lus txib ntawm ib tug poj niam general. hu ua Ginger, uas tom qab ntawd los ua neeg zoo thiab ua siab zoo - nws tsis yog qhov nyuaj kom pom ntawm no qhov kev xav ntawm Volkov's "Oorfene Deuce thiab nws cov tub rog ntoo."

Interestingly, tus so ntawm Volkov cov phau ntawv (ntxiv rau lub voj voog "Emerald City") tseem tsis paub, thiab koj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lawv cov phiaj xwm thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov npe - cov paj huam "Cov Tub Rog Liab", "Lub Ballad ntawm Soviet Pilot", "Cov Hluas Partisans" thiab "Niam teb", cov nkauj " Taug kev Komsomolskaya" thiab "Song of Timurovites", xov tooj cua plays "Tus Thawj Coj mus rau pem hauv ntej", "Patriots" thiab "Sweatshirt", thiab "Yuav ua li cas ntses nrog ib tug pas nrig. Fisherman's Notes”(tshaj tawm raws li phau ntawv tshawb fawb nrov).

Cov Adventures ntawm Dunno, 1954 thiab Txoj Kev Lom Zem ntawm Hav Zoov Txiv neej, 1913

Thiab tam sim no cia peb mus rau qhov piv txwv tsis tshua paub txog kev plagiarism) Koj puas nyiam phau ntawv hais txog Dunno thiab nws cov phooj ywg? Cov cim no muaj keeb kwm xav paub txog qhov tshwm sim - xyoo 1952 Nikolai Nosov tau mus xyuas Minsk rau hnub tseem ceeb. Yakub Kolas, qhov chaw uas nws hais rau Ukrainian kws sau ntawv Bogdan Chaly txog lub tswv yim ntawm "Dunno" - uas nws txiav txim siab los sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub heroes ntawm Anna Khvolson "Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Cov Me Nyuam", uas tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1889. Anna, nyob rau hauv lem, qiv nws cov cim los ntawm Canadian artist thiab kws sau ntawv Palmer Cox, uas nws comics tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1880s.

Nws yog Palmer Cox uas tau tsim Dunno. Tus kws sau ntawv no muaj lub voj voog tag nrho txog cov neeg me uas nyob hauv hav zoov thiab mus nrhiav kev taug txuj kev nyuaj - hauv comic "The Amazing Adventures of Forest Men", ib yam li Nosov's heroes, lawv ya mus rau hauv lub zais pa hauv tsev. Muaj tseeb, ntawm no nws yuav tsum tau ntxiv tias, tsis zoo li Tolstoy thiab Volkov, Nosov tseem tau txais kev ywj pheej tag nrho nrog nws cov phiaj xwm - qhov tseeb, nws qiv tsuas yog cov npe ntawm tus phab ej thiab ob peb lub ntsiab lus txav.

Interestingly, Palmer Cox kuj invented lwm nyiam ntawm Soviet cov me nyuam - Murzilka, qhov no yog lub npe ntawm ib tug ntawm nws heroes nyob rau hauv lub pre-revolutionary Lavxias teb sab-lus tsab ntawm Khvolson. Muaj tseeb tiag, Cox's hero txawv heev ntawm Soviet Murzilka (tus thawj coj, neeg sau xov xwm thiab kws yees duab), Cox muaj lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj hauv lub kaus mom sab saum toj uas tham me ntsis dismissively nrog lwm cov cim hauv phau ntawv thiab sim tsis txhob muab nws cov hnab looj tes dawb qias neeg.

Tus Txiv Neej Laus Hottabych, 1938 thiab Lub Caj Npab Tooj, 1900

Tsis tas li ntawd tsis yog ib qho piv txwv zoo heev ntawm "mos plagiarism", uas tuaj yeem hu ua qiv ntawm qee qhov kev txav mus los - cov dab neeg nto moo txog Hottabych, sau los ntawm Lazar Lagin hauv xyoo 1930, tau hais lus Askiv phau ntawv los ntawm tus sau F. tawm hauv 1900.

Phau ntawv "Lub Caj Npab Tooj" yog dab tsi? Ib tug txiv neej hluas pom ib tug qub tooj liab jug thiab tso ib tug genie, uas yog kiag li tsis paub txog qhov tseeb ntawm niaj hnub lub neej tom qab ib txhiab xyoo ntawm raug kaw. Djinn Fakrash, sim ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws txoj kev ywj pheej, ua ntau yam kev xav paub uas ua rau muaj kev ywj pheej tsuas yog teeb meem. Nco tsis muaj dab tsi)? Ib yam li Hottabych, Fakrash kiag li tsis nkag siab txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem niaj hnub thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, ntseeg tias lawv muaj cov genies. Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov phiaj xwm zoo sib xws.

Lazar Lagin hloov nws cov yeeb yam mus rau lub USSR, qhia ib tug ideological tivthaiv - pioneer Volka tsis txais khoom plig los ntawm lub genie vim hais tias ntawm nws "kev ntxub ntxaug rau cov khoom ntiag tug" thiab niaj hnub qhia nws txog qhov zoo ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv lub USSR, thiab qhov kawg. cov phau ntawv txawv - Fakrash rov qab mus rau lub raj mis, thiab Hottabych tseem yog pej xeem niaj hnub no. "Hottabych" tau dhau los ntawm ntau qhov kev luam tawm - hauv xyoo 1953, "kev tawm tsam tawm tsam cosmopolitanism" tau nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias, thiab kev tawm tsam hnyav heev rau Tebchaws Meskas, cov tub ceev xwm tom qab lub tebchaws ntawm Is Nrias teb, thiab lwm yam tau ntxiv rau hauv phau ntawv.

Ob xyoos tom qab, cov kev hloov kho tau raug tshem tawm hauv tsab ntawv tshiab, tab sis cov tshiab tau ntxiv hloov pauv - ntawm cov ntaub pua plag ya tus phab ej ntawm phau ntawv tau ya los ntawm Moscow raws li kev tswj hwm ntawm cov peev txheej, thiab tam sim ntawd pib raug kev txom nyem unbearably) Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv sau tias Lazar Lagin nws tus kheej tsis tau kov cov ntawv nyeem ntawm phau ntawv tom qab luam tawm nws tus kheej thawj version, thiab tsis paub meej tias leej twg yog tus tsim kho.

Kws Kho Mob Aibolit, 1929 thiab Kws Kho Mob Dolittle, 1920

Rau ib qho khoom noj txom ncauj, kuv nyiam cocktail cherry ntawm lub ncuav mog qab zib - tus kws kho mob paub zoo Aibolit tau yuav luag tag nrho luam tawm los ntawm Kws Kho Mob Dolittle, cov phau ntawv uas tau luam tawm kaum xyoo dhau los. Tus kws sau ntawv Hugh Lofting tuaj nrog nws tus kws kho mob siab zoo, zaum hauv lub trenches ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib - yog ib hom kev hloov pauv rau qhov txaus ntshai nyob ib puag ncig.

Tus kws kho mob zoo Dolittle (los ntawm lus Askiv ua-me me, "ua me me") nyob hauv lub nroog tsis tseeb, kho tsiaj thiab paub hais lus lawv cov lus, Dolittle muaj ntau yam tsiaj nyob ze ntawm cov tsiaj - npua Ha-Gab, tus dev Jeep, duck Dub- Dab, liab Chi-Chi thiab Tyanitolkai. Tom qab ntawd, Dolittle mus rau Africa los pab cov liab mob, nws lub nkoj tau poob, thiab nws tus kheej raug ntes los ntawm huab tais Jollijinka thiab ntsib ntau yam kev lom zem, tab sis thaum kawg nws cawm cov tsiaj muaj mob los ntawm kev sib kis. Korney Chukovsky tau sib cav hais tias Tsemakh Shabad, tus kws kho mob Yudais nto moo thiab pej xeem cov duab los ntawm Vilnius, tau los ua tus qauv ntawm Aibolit, tab sis nws tsis nyuaj kom pom tias cov dab neeg zoo sib xws ntawm Chukovsky thiab tus phab ej ntawm Hugh Lofting yog - txawm tias Barmalei tau sau. tawm ntawm African huab tais-villain.

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, txawm tias cov phiaj xwm ntawm ntau lub npe menyuam yaus cov phau ntawv hauv lub USSR yog, peb yuav hais tias, "qiv". Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, kev ua ncaj ncees ntawm Boris Zakhoder sawv tawm - nws hais rau cov menyuam yaus Soviet cov dab neeg txog Winnie the Pooh, qhia ncaj ncees rau tus sau - Alan Alexander Milne.