Caving systems thiab sinkholes
Caving systems thiab sinkholes

Video: Caving systems thiab sinkholes

Video: Caving systems thiab sinkholes
Video: Neeg Laus Kawm Tsis Txau 1 (HD) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lwm lub tshuab uas nyuam qhuav pib siv los ua haujlwm hauv kev tsim cov ore lub cev. Kev siv thev naus laus zis tsawg dua li kev ua haujlwm, tab sis yuav tsum tau npaj sijhawm ntau dua. Thaum kawg ntawm tsab xov xwm, cia peb saib seb nws ua li cas thiab qhia tias tom qab nyeem, saib, txhua tus xav thiab kos lawv cov lus xaus. Thiab ib zaug ntxiv ua tsaug ua neeg vwm rau cov kev xav zoo thiab cov tswv yim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

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Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog cov tshuab no. Yuav kom nkag siab tam sim ntawd lub tshuab no yog dab tsi, kuv xav kom saib ob qho yeeb yaj kiab luv luv no:

Mining technology nyob rau hauv ntau yam nthuav dav:

Raws li koj tau pom, qhov no yog ib tug heev complex technology nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev npaj rau ntau lawm, yuav tsum tau zoo heev raug thiab xam.

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Cov txheej txheem kev loj hlob nrog caving ntawm ore thiab cov pob zeb uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov kev xyaum ntawm mining ore deposits. Cov tshuab no feem ntau yog siv los ua ib leeg rau kev khawb ntawm ib tus neeg ore lub cev los yog ua cov pab pawg rau kev khawb ntawm cov ncej thiab cov qab nthab sab laug los ntawm lwm cov mining systems. Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm kev quab yuam ntawm lub storey yog pib nyob rau hauv lub Krivoy Rog phiab ua ntej 1941, tom qab 1945, qhov system no tau dav siv nyob rau hauv lub mine. Dzerzhinsky thiab lwm yam mines ntawm Krivoy Rog phiab, nrog rau ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm mines nyob rau hauv lub extraction ntawm non-ferrous hlau ore. Ib qho kev sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm sublevel caving nrog ore tawg los ntawm cov kiv cua-puab teeb ntawm qhov tob boreholes los yog boreholes - "kaw kiv cua" yog dav siv nyob rau hauv mines ntawm lub Krivoy Rog phiab.

Koj tuaj yeem google ntawm lub ncauj lus no: Block Caving Mining Method, yuav muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv ua lus Askiv

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Cov. Nws yog tseeb hais tias lub cev ore yog sprinkled nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej qhov hnyav thiab lub pob zeb crushed no yog muab tshem tawm los ntawm adits thiab ua tiav: txawm mus rau ib tug enrichment cog (uas kuj yuav underground), los yog pov tseg pob zeb (yog tias muaj) - tam sim ntawd mus rau lub pob tseg. Tab sis dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab no underground mining ntawm qhov chaw:

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Dips los ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv av ntawm lub cev ore

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Cov no yog cov duab ntawm sinkholes uas nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm cov adits hais tshwj xeeb rau hom mining. Thiab sim ua qhov sib piv nrog cov kev ua tsis tiav uas yuav qhia hauv qab no.

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Cov no yog tag nrho cov kev ua tsis tiav los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis no.

Tuimsky tsis ua hauj lwm. Khakassia. Qhov kev ua tsis tiav no tau tshwm sim, txawm tias tsis siv cov thev naus laus zis no, tab sis nws yog qhov tsis ua tiav uas tshwm sim tom qab lub cev qhuav dej rau hauv lub ntsej muag khoob.

Tuimsky tsis ua hauj lwm - ib tug txiv neej ua tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub underground mine kaw nyob rau hauv 1954 nyob ze lub zos ntawm Tuim (Khakassia). Thaum pib, tungsten ores raug mined (Kiyalykh-Uzenskoye deposit), tom qab ntawd nrhiav tau tooj liab-molybdenum ores. Cov deposit tau mined underground. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg, lub ru tsev ntawm lub mine sagged thiab tom qab ntawd tawg, ua rau tib neeg kev nyuaj siab. Cov ore raug thauj mus rau sab nraud los ntawm trolleys thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau lub chaw tsim khoom nyob rau sab nrauv ntawm lub zos Tuim. Lawv tsim tungsten, tooj liab, molybdenum.

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Cov tunnels no

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Kev xaiv qhov tseeb ntawm lwm cov dab dej, uas yuav tsis yog karst (los ntawm kev ntxuav cov pob zeb limestone nrog dej), tab sis los ntawm cov mining hauv av (yav dhau los, thiab tej zaum txawm tam sim no, zais ntawm tib neeg los ntawm qee qhov kev vam meej hauv av):

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Lub Ob Hlis 21, 2016. Ib qho chaw me me nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Quanah, Texas, Tebchaws Asmeskas.

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Lub Peb Hlis 24, 2016, Tuam Tshoj. Ib lub dab dej uas muaj txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5 meters ntawm ib qho chaw ua liaj ua teb ntiav hauv Guiping nroog nyob rau yav qab teb Suav tau nqus tau ntau tshaj 25 tons ntawm ntses. Cov dej hauv lub pas dej tau pib poob sai heev thaum hmo ntuj thaum 4.00 txog 09.00. Cov neeg hauv zos ntseeg tias qhov kev khawb hauv cov chaw txua txiag zeb hauv zos yuav raug liam; ob peb lub dab dej tau tshwm sim ua ntej.

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Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2, 2016, Ipswich, Australia, 8-meter sinkhole ntim nrog dej tsim nyob rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm ib lub tsev.

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Tsis paub qhov chaw

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Cuaj hlis 17, 2016, Tampa, USA. Sudden tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm cov av ntawm thaj chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

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2016, karst sinkhole nyob rau hauv Kungur cheeb tsam ntawm Perm cheeb tsam. Ib lub qhov me me, tsuas yog 5 meters hauv txoj kab uas hla, tom qab ntawd nthuav dav pear-puab thiab mus txog 17 meters tob (qhov siab ntawm 6-storey tsev). Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub qhov yog 40 meters.

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Xyoo 1974 Hauv Venezuela, yav tas los tsis paub dab tsi tau pom nyob rau ntawm Sarisarinama toj siab. Thaum xub thawj, lub "lub qhov" tau pom los ntawm lub dav hlau … Yog hais tias ua ntej lub ntiaj teb no tau khawb, thiab nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev (xws li los ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm underground caving ntawm ores), ces ntau pua thiab txhiab xyoo underground collapses ntawm txawv degrees. loj heev yuav tshwm sim, tsim tremors uas tib neeg yuav yuam kev rau av qeeg. Thiab av qeeg muaj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas tsis yog seismic, xws li sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm North America. Muaj steel vaults, boreholes thiab cables. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov xuab zeb yuav rub lawv thiab maj.

los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav

Lwm qhov ua tau uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov mining hauv av yog cov pob zeb hauv cov chaw, thaj chaw uas lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob ua.

Kurumniki

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Patomsky crater. Txog rau tam sim no, tsis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm tus account ntawm kev tsim ntawm no kurumnik.

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Dub Sopka. Krasnoyarsk

Hom - diabase

Kuv tau hais tias muaj ib chav haujlwm ntawm Kws qhia ntawv ntawm Geology ntawm Moscow State University uas kawm kurumniki. Tab sis tsis muaj ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv qhib thiab pej xeem qhov chaw tsis hais txog nws los yog txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm nws txoj haujlwm.

Ib qhov chaw txawv tshaj plaws nrog toj ua los ntawm kurumnik: Eluyu Circassians

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Tuag Valley yog ib thaj chaw mythical anomalous nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm Yakutia ze ntawm Vilyui River.

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Cov no tej zaum yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj roob, tab sis hauv zos dumps los ntawm underground ore mining. Thiab nws zoo nkaus li zoo heev rau peb cov geologists tias lawv tej zaum yuav tsav lub tswv yim no mus deb ntawm lawv tus kheej. Thiab qhov no yog qhov pom tseeb tshaj plaws version.

Nyeem ntxiv - paub tsis meej ntawm Vilyui toj

Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, lub ntsiab lus yog kev xav thiab ua rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv av (yav tas los lossis tam sim no), uas tsim lub ntiaj teb sab hauv (lossis tseem ua nws). Thiab tseem muaj kev hais txog lub rooj sib tham nrog cov neeg nyob hauv av. Ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm piv txwv (Kuv tau tshawb xyuas tias muaj cov pob zeb zoo li no nyob ze ntawm lub nroog Jixi).

Pom zoo: